The Maratha caste represents one of the largest social groups in India, with a significant presence in the state of Maharashtra. It is estimated that Marathas account for 30% to 35% of Maharashtra’s population, which equates to approximately 32-35 million people given the state’s total population of around 120 million.

Historically, the Marathas have held significant influence as an agrarian and warrior caste. However, due to economic challenges faced by many community members, there has been a push for reservation benefits.

In September 2024, the Maratha reservation protests, spearheaded by Manoj Jarange-Patil, have gained considerable traction. Jarange-Patil is currently engaged in an indefinite hunger strike, advocating for the granting of reservation benefits to the Maratha community under the Other Backward Classes (OBC) category. Additionally, there is a demand for the issuance of Kunbi caste certificates to all Marathas. This demand is pivotal for the community as it seeks quotas in government jobs and education.

Jarange-Patil resumed his hunger strike on September 17, 2024, at Antarwali Sarati village in Maharashtra’s Jalna district. His health has been deteriorating, raising concerns among his supporters. The protests have resulted in widespread shutdowns (bandhs) in districts like Beed and Osmanabad, highlighting the substantial support for the protest across the state.

While the Maharashtra government has initiated talks and has agreed to issue Kunbi certificates to eligible Marathas, it has not fully met Jarange-Patil’s demands, particularly regarding the inclusion of all Marathas under the OBC category. The protests, coupled with Jarange-Patil’s hunger strike, are occurring at a critical juncture ahead of the upcoming state elections, intensifying pressure on the government to address the issue.