- What is the purpose of oxygen in cellular respiration?
a) It is used to produce glucose
b) It helps in the formation of ATP
c) It is the final electron acceptor
d) It is broken down into water
Answer: c) It is the final electron acceptor
Explanation: Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.
- What is the net ATP gain from glycolysis?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 36
d) 38
Answer: b) 2
Explanation: Glycolysis produces 4 ATP, but 2 ATP are consumed during the process, so the net gain is 2 ATP molecules.
- Which of the following is a characteristic of the anaerobic process of fermentation?
a) It produces more ATP than aerobic respiration
b) It requires oxygen
c) It occurs in the absence of oxygen
d) It produces carbon dioxide and glucose
Answer: c) It occurs in the absence of oxygen
Explanation: Fermentation is an anaerobic process, meaning it occurs without oxygen and produces ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.
- Where does the majority of ATP production occur in eukaryotic cells?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Explanation: The majority of ATP production in eukaryotic cells occurs in the mitochondria during the electron transport chain.
- Which of the following is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
a) ATP and oxygen
b) Lactic acid
c) Ethanol
d) Water and oxygen
Answer: b) Lactic acid
Explanation: During anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, lactic acid is produced as a byproduct.
- Which molecule is formed at the end of glycolysis from glucose?
a) Acetyl-CoA
b) Lactic acid
c) Pyruvate
d) NADH
Answer: c) Pyruvate
Explanation: At the end of glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
- What is the primary function of the mitochondria in cellular respiration?
a) Produce glucose
b) Synthesize proteins
c) Convert energy from food into ATP
d) Store genetic information
Answer: c) Convert energy from food into ATP
Explanation: The mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
- Which of the following is true for the process of fermentation?
a) It takes place only in yeast cells
b) It requires oxygen to function
c) It produces ethanol or lactic acid
d) It occurs only during sleep
Answer: c) It produces ethanol or lactic acid
Explanation: Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces either ethanol (in yeast) or lactic acid (in muscle cells).
- Which of the following stages of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle
c) Electron transport chain
d) Both b and c
Answer: a) Glycolysis
Explanation: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria.
- How many molecules of ATP are produced from one glucose molecule in glycolysis?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 38
Answer: a) 2
Explanation: Glycolysis results in the production of 4 ATP molecules, but 2 ATP molecules are consumed, so the net gain is 2 ATP.
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