- Which of the following is the most electronegative element?
a) Oxygen (O)
b) Nitrogen (N)
c) Chlorine (Cl)
d) Fluorine (F)
Answer: d) Fluorine (F)
Explanation: Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table due to its small size and high effective nuclear charge.
- Which of the following elements is most likely to form a cation?
a) Neon (Ne)
b) Fluorine (F)
c) Sodium (Na)
d) Oxygen (O)
Answer: c) Sodium (Na)
Explanation: Sodium, being a metal, readily loses an electron to form a cation (Na⁺). Neon is inert, and fluorine and oxygen typically form anions.
- Which of the following elements forms the most stable anion?
a) Fluorine (F)
b) Oxygen (O)
c) Nitrogen (N)
d) Sulfur (S)
Answer: a) Fluorine (F)
Explanation: Fluorine, being the most electronegative element, easily gains an electron to form a stable F⁻ anion.
- Which of the following has the greatest tendency to form complex compounds?
a) Sodium (Na)
b) Potassium (K)
c) Iron (Fe)
d) Aluminum (Al)
Answer: c) Iron (Fe)
Explanation: Transition metals like iron have d-orbitals that allow them to form complex compounds by coordinating with ligands.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) Atomic size increases down a group
b) Ionization energy decreases down a group
c) Electronegativity increases down a group
d) Metallic character increases down a group
Answer: c) Electronegativity increases down a group
Explanation: Electronegativity decreases down a group as atomic size increases, making it harder for the nucleus to attract electrons.
- Which of the following halides has the strongest ionic character?
a) HF
b) HCl
c) HBr
d) HI
Answer: a) HF
Explanation: HF has the greatest ionic character due to the large difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and fluorine. This results in a stronger attraction between the two atoms.
- Which of the following elements forms an amphoteric oxide?
a) Magnesium (Mg)
b) Silicon (Si)
c) Sulfur (S)
d) Aluminum (Al)
Answer: d) Aluminum (Al)
Explanation: Aluminum forms an amphoteric oxide (Al₂O₃), which can react with both acids and bases. The others form either basic or acidic oxides.
- Which of the following elements shows the highest second ionization energy?
a) Sodium (Na)
b) Magnesium (Mg)
c) Aluminum (Al)
d) Phosphorus (P)
Answer: a) Sodium (Na)
Explanation: After sodium loses its first electron, it achieves a stable noble gas configuration (Ne), making the second ionization energy extremely high.
- Which element is most likely to form a covalent bond?
a) Potassium (K)
b) Magnesium (Mg)
c) Chlorine (Cl)
d) Sodium (Na)
Answer: c) Chlorine (Cl)
Explanation: Chlorine, a non-metal with high electronegativity, tends to form covalent bonds by sharing electrons, unlike the metals listed, which tend to form ionic bonds.
- Which of the following elements forms a basic oxide?
a) Carbon (C)
b) Phosphorus (P)
c) Sodium (Na)
d) Sulfur (S)
Answer: c) Sodium (Na)
Explanation: Sodium, an alkali metal, forms a basic oxide (Na₂O) that reacts with water to form a basic solution.
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