- The most common type of cartilage in the human body is:
a) Elastic cartilage
b) Fibrocartilage
c) Hyaline cartilage
d) Calcified cartilage
Answer: c) Hyaline cartilage
Explanation: Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body, found in locations such as the trachea, nose, and at the ends of long bones, where it provides support and flexibility.
- Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for peristalsis in the digestive tract?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Smooth muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
d) Both skeletal and smooth muscle
Answer: b) Smooth muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle is responsible for peristalsis, the wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract. This muscle operates involuntarily.
- Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?
a) Protection of organs
b) Support of the body
c) Storage of fat
d) Synthesis of antibodies
Answer: d) Synthesis of antibodies
Explanation: The synthesis of antibodies is a function of the immune system, particularly B-lymphocytes, not bone tissue. Bone tissue provides support, protection, and stores minerals and fat.
- Which type of junction in epithelial cells prevents the passage of substances between them?
a) Gap junctions
b) Tight junctions
c) Desmosomes
d) Hemidesmosomes
Answer: b) Tight junctions
Explanation: Tight junctions form a barrier that prevents the passage of substances between epithelial cells, helping to maintain the integrity of the epithelial layer.
- Which type of connective tissue provides the most structural support in tendons and ligaments?
a) Dense regular connective tissue
b) Areolar tissue
c) Adipose tissue
d) Elastic tissue
Answer: a) Dense regular connective tissue
Explanation: Dense regular connective tissue contains closely packed collagen fibers arranged in parallel, providing the high tensile strength needed in tendons and ligaments.
- Which type of epithelium is found in the alveoli of the lungs and is involved in gas exchange?
a) Simple cuboidal epithelium
b) Stratified squamous epithelium
c) Simple squamous epithelium
d) Pseudostratified epithelium
Answer: c) Simple squamous epithelium
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium is thin and flat, making it ideal for gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between the air and blood.
- Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen?
a) Platelets
b) Red blood cells
c) White blood cells
d) Plasma
Answer: b) Red blood cells
Explanation: Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
- The primary function of fibroblasts in connective tissue is to:
a) Produce the extracellular matrix and fibers
b) Store fat
c) Engulf pathogens
d) Produce myelin
Answer: a) Produce the extracellular matrix and fibers
Explanation: Fibroblasts are the primary cells in connective tissue responsible for producing the extracellular matrix, including collagen and elastic fibers, which provide structural support.
- Which type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries and helps them stretch?
a) Reticular tissue
b) Dense regular connective tissue
c) Elastic connective tissue
d) Areolar tissue
Answer: c) Elastic connective tissue
Explanation: Elastic connective tissue, found in the walls of large arteries like the aorta, allows these blood vessels to stretch and recoil as blood is pumped through them.
- Which cells in connective tissue are involved in the immune response and phagocytosis?
a) Fibroblasts
b) Macrophages
c) Chondrocytes
d) Adipocytes
Answer: b) Macrophages
Explanation: Macrophages are immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and cellular debris, playing a key role in the body’s defense and tissue repair.
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