- Which of the following muscle types is found only in the heart?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Smooth muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
d) Voluntary muscle
Answer: c) Cardiac muscle
Explanation: Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in the heart and is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that pump blood throughout the body. It is striated and involuntary.
- Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells
d) Plasma
Answer: b) Platelets
Explanation: Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments in blood that play a crucial role in clotting, helping to stop bleeding and initiate the healing process after injury.
- Which type of gland releases its secretion directly into the bloodstream?
a) Exocrine gland
b) Endocrine gland
c) Sebaceous gland
d) Salivary gland
Answer: b) Endocrine gland
Explanation: Endocrine glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream, where they travel to target organs or cells to regulate various bodily functions.
- Which connective tissue structure connects muscle to bone?
a) Ligament
b) Tendon
c) Cartilage
d) Joint capsule
Answer: b) Tendon
Explanation: Tendons are strong connective tissue structures that connect muscles to bones, facilitating movement when the muscle contracts.
- Which of the following epithelial tissues lines the urinary bladder?
a) Simple squamous epithelium
b) Stratified squamous epithelium
c) Simple columnar epithelium
d) Transitional epithelium
Answer: d) Transitional epithelium
Explanation: Transitional epithelium is specialized to stretch and accommodate fluctuations in the volume of urine in the urinary bladder, changing from cuboidal to squamous shape as needed.
- Which of the following cells are involved in the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
a) Endothelial cells
b) Osteocytes
c) Fibroblasts
d) Chondrocytes
Answer: a) Endothelial cells
Explanation: Endothelial cells form the blood-brain barrier, which regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the brain, protecting it from harmful substances.
- Which component of connective tissue provides resilience and flexibility?
a) Collagen fibers
b) Elastin fibers
c) Reticular fibers
d) Ground substance
Answer: b) Elastin fibers
Explanation: Elastin fibers provide resilience and flexibility to connective tissues, allowing them to return to their original shape after stretching or bending.
- Which cells are responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
a) Schwann cells
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Astrocytes
d) Microglia
Answer: b) Oligodendrocytes
Explanation: Oligodendrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that produce the myelin sheath, which insulates neurons and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
- Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated discs?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Smooth muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
d) Voluntary muscle
Answer: c) Cardiac muscle
Explanation: Cardiac muscle fibers are connected by intercalated discs, which contain gap junctions that allow for the synchronized contraction of the heart muscle cells.
- Which type of connective tissue provides padding and insulation in the body?
a) Areolar tissue
b) Adipose tissue
c) Cartilage
d) Dense regular connective tissue
Answer: b) Adipose tissue
Explanation: Adipose tissue, made up of fat cells (adipocytes), provides insulation, energy storage, and cushioning to protect organs and tissues.
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