- The dense connective tissue that connects bones to other bones is known as:
a) Tendon
b) Ligament
c) Cartilage
d) Fascia
Answer: b) Ligament
Explanation: Ligaments are dense connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints, providing stability while allowing movement.
- Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated and voluntary?
a) Smooth muscle
b) Cardiac muscle
c) Skeletal muscle
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Skeletal muscle
Explanation: Skeletal muscle is characterized by its multinucleated fibers and voluntary control. It is responsible for body movements, such as walking and lifting.
- Which of the following epithelial tissues is found lining the trachea and has goblet cells that secrete mucus?
a) Simple squamous epithelium
b) Stratified squamous epithelium
c) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
d) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Answer: c) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Explanation: The trachea is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which contains cilia and goblet cells. The goblet cells secrete mucus, while the cilia help move it, trapping dust and pathogens.
- Which of the following cells are responsible for bone resorption?
a) Osteoblasts
b) Osteoclasts
c) Chondrocytes
d) Fibroblasts
Answer: b) Osteoclasts
Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone tissue during the process of bone resorption, which is essential for bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis.
- Which of the following structures is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
a) Blood vessels
b) Skin
c) Lungs
d) Small intestine
Answer: b) Skin
Explanation: The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The keratin helps provide a tough, waterproof barrier.
- Which of the following cells is responsible for the production of myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
a) Schwann cells
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Astrocytes
d) Microglia
Answer: a) Schwann cells
Explanation: Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath that insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system, allowing for faster transmission of nerve impulses.
- Which type of cartilage is found between the vertebrae and acts as a shock absorber?
a) Hyaline cartilage
b) Fibrocartilage
c) Elastic cartilage
d) Calcified cartilage
Answer: b) Fibrocartilage
Explanation: Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs, where it acts as a cushion, absorbing the stress and shock during movement.
- Which connective tissue component provides tensile strength and is the most abundant protein in mammals?
a) Elastin
b) Collagen
c) Fibrin
d) Keratin
Answer: b) Collagen
Explanation: Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and provides tensile strength to connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin.
- The cells responsible for producing mucus in epithelial linings are called:
a) Fibroblasts
b) Chondrocytes
c) Goblet cells
d) Mast cells
Answer: c) Goblet cells
Explanation: Goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucus, which helps protect and lubricate the surface of mucous membranes.
- Which muscle type is involved in peristalsis, the wave-like contractions that move food through the digestive tract?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Smooth muscle
c) Cardiac muscle
d) Striated muscle
Answer: b) Smooth muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle is responsible for peristalsis, the involuntary contractions that push food along the digestive tract. This muscle type is found in the walls of the gastrointestinal organs.
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