- Which term refers to the controlled breeding of plants and animals to select for specific desirable traits?
a) Cross-pollination
b) Selective breeding
c) Genetic drift
d) Natural selection
Answer: b) Selective breeding
Explanation:
Selective breeding involves choosing parent organisms with specific traits to produce offspring with those desired traits. This is a common technique in both plant and animal breeding programs.
- Which of the following practices would help in increasing food production sustainably?
a) Using chemical pesticides excessively
b) Implementing crop rotation and mixed farming
c) Monocropping throughout the year
d) Burning crop residues
Answer: b) Implementing crop rotation and mixed farming
Explanation:
Crop rotation and mixed farming help maintain soil fertility, reduce pest buildup, and enhance biodiversity, all of which contribute to sustainable agriculture and higher food production.
- Which of the following methods is commonly used to propagate disease-free plants in large numbers?
a) Micropropagation
b) Cross-pollination
c) Grafting
d) Natural selection
Answer: a) Micropropagation
Explanation:
Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique used to produce large numbers of identical, disease-free plants in a controlled environment. It is widely used for commercial propagation of plants.
- Which of the following revolutions is associated with the increased production of eggs and poultry in India?
a) Green Revolution
b) White Revolution
c) Blue Revolution
d) Silver Revolution
Answer: d) Silver Revolution
Explanation:
The Silver Revolution refers to the rapid increase in the production of eggs and poultry in India. It played a crucial role in meeting the country’s growing demand for poultry products.
- Which of the following factors is a significant disadvantage of excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture?
a) Decreased crop yields
b) Soil erosion
c) Increased soil fertility
d) Soil and water pollution
Answer: d) Soil and water pollution
Explanation:
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to the contamination of soil and water bodies. This can result in nutrient imbalances, algal blooms, and degradation of water quality, posing risks to both the environment and human health.
- The Green Revolution primarily focused on the improvement of which two crops in India?
a) Maize and sorghum
b) Wheat and rice
c) Cotton and sugarcane
d) Pulses and oilseeds
Answer: b) Wheat and rice
Explanation:
The Green Revolution in India mainly targeted the improvement of wheat and rice through the development of high-yielding varieties (HYVs), which significantly boosted agricultural productivity in the country.
- The use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in genetically modified crops is aimed at controlling:
a) Viral infections
b) Fungal diseases
c) Insect pests
d) Bacterial diseases
Answer: c) Insect pests
Explanation:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that produces proteins toxic to certain insect pests. Crops genetically engineered with Bt genes, such as Bt cotton and Bt maize, have enhanced resistance to insect damage.
- Which of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation of plant genetic resources?
a) National parks
b) Wildlife sanctuaries
c) Seed banks
d) Biosphere reserves
Answer: c) Seed banks
Explanation:
Ex-situ conservation involves conserving plant or animal species outside their natural habitat. Seed banks store seeds of various plants to preserve genetic diversity and ensure future availability for breeding and restoration efforts.
- The term ‘biofortification’ is primarily associated with the:
a) Production of drought-resistant crops
b) Genetic modification of plants to increase yield
c) Breeding of crops to increase their nutritional value
d) Use of chemical fertilizers to boost crop productivity
Answer: c) Breeding of crops to increase their nutritional value
Explanation:
Biofortification refers to the process of breeding crops to enhance their nutritional content, such as increasing the levels of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, to improve human health.
- Which of the following is an example of an insect pest controlled through the introduction of a biological control agent?
a) Aphids controlled by ladybird beetles
b) Fruit flies controlled by pesticides
c) Bollworms controlled by chemical sprays
d) Termites controlled by synthetic chemicals
Answer: a) Aphids controlled by ladybird beetles
Explanation:
Ladybird beetles (ladybugs) are natural predators of aphids and are often introduced as biological control agents to reduce aphid populations, providing an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
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