- Which of the following is an effective method for conserving fish populations and sustaining fish production in aquaculture?
a) Overfishing
b) Use of antibiotics
c) Integrated fish farming
d) Use of chemical fertilizers in ponds
Answer: c) Integrated fish farming
Explanation:
Integrated fish farming involves combining fish farming with other agricultural activities, such as raising crops or livestock, to make efficient use of resources and maintain a balanced ecosystem. This method promotes sustainable fish production.
- The term ‘Green Revolution’ was first used by:
a) Norman Borlaug
b) M.S. Swaminathan
c) William Gaud
d) Henry Wallace
Answer: c) William Gaud
Explanation:
The term ‘Green Revolution’ was coined by William Gaud in 1968 to describe the significant increase in agricultural productivity brought about by the introduction of high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides during the 1960s and 1970s.
- Apomixis in plants refers to:
a) Seed production without fertilization
b) Sexual reproduction
c) Cross-pollination
d) Hybridization
Answer: a) Seed production without fertilization
Explanation:
Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where seeds are produced without fertilization. This allows the plants to reproduce and maintain the genetic identity of the parent plant.
- The technique of hydroponics involves growing plants:
a) In nutrient-rich soil
b) Without sunlight
c) In water without soil
d) Using only organic fertilizers
Answer: c) In water without soil
Explanation:
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in a water-based solution without the use of soil. The water is enriched with essential nutrients to support plant growth.
- Which of the following organisms is used in biological nitrogen fixation in legumes?
a) Mycorrhiza
b) Azotobacter
c) Rhizobium
d) Spirulina
Answer: c) Rhizobium
Explanation:
Rhizobium is a bacterium that forms symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plants can use for growth.
- Which of the following biotechnological approaches has been widely used to develop insect-resistant crops?
a) Mutation breeding
b) Bt gene insertion
c) Polyploidy induction
d) Cross-breeding
Answer: b) Bt gene insertion
Explanation:
Bt crops are genetically engineered to contain genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which produces proteins toxic to specific insect pests, making the crops resistant to pest attacks.
- The process of selecting superior plants from a population to be used as parents in the next generation is called:
a) Mutation breeding
b) Artificial selection
c) Genetic engineering
d) Micropropagation
Answer: b) Artificial selection
Explanation:
Artificial selection involves choosing plants or animals with desirable traits to reproduce, enhancing those traits in future generations. It has been used in agriculture for centuries to improve crop and livestock varieties.
- Which of the following crops was most impacted by the Green Revolution in India?
a) Maize
b) Pulses
c) Wheat
d) Sugarcane
Answer: c) Wheat
Explanation:
The Green Revolution in India had the most significant impact on wheat production, with the introduction of high-yielding varieties and improved agricultural practices leading to a substantial increase in wheat output.
- An advantage of integrated pest management (IPM) is:
a) Increased use of chemical pesticides
b) Total eradication of pests
c) Reduced environmental impact of pest control
d) Dependence on a single pest control method
Answer: c) Reduced environmental impact of pest control
Explanation:
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses a combination of biological, chemical, mechanical, and cultural methods to control pests in a sustainable way, minimizing harm to the environment and non-target organisms.
- The practice of breeding animals or plants by mating individuals that are closely related genetically is known as:
a) Outbreeding
b) Inbreeding
c) Cross-breeding
d) Genetic modification
Answer: b) Inbreeding
Explanation:
Inbreeding involves mating individuals that are closely related genetically, often to preserve specific traits. However, excessive inbreeding can lead to inbreeding depression, reducing the overall health and vigor of the population.
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