- In which of the following reproductive technologies are eggs fertilized outside the body and then implanted into the uterus?
A. ZIFT
B. IVF
C. ICSI
D. GIFT
Answer: B. IVF
Explanation: In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body in a laboratory, and the resulting embryo is implanted into the woman’s uterus. In contrast, ZIFT and GIFT involve transferring zygotes or gametes into the fallopian tube.
- Which of the following organs is affected in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
A. Fallopian tubes
B. Ovaries
C. Uterus
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection that affects the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus. It is often caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, and can lead to infertility if not treated promptly.
- Which sexually transmitted infection is known as the “silent infection” due to its lack of symptoms in many cases?
A. Gonorrhea
B. HIV
C. Syphilis
D. Chlamydia
Answer: D. Chlamydia
Explanation: Chlamydia is often called the “silent infection” because it may not cause noticeable symptoms in many individuals, particularly women. If left untreated, it can cause serious complications, including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
- Which of the following is a hormonal contraceptive method that is long-lasting and reversible?
A. Condom
B. Copper IUD
C. Oral contraceptive pills
D. Contraceptive implant
Answer: D. Contraceptive implant
Explanation: A contraceptive implant is a long-lasting, reversible hormonal contraceptive method. It is a small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm, releasing progestin to prevent pregnancy for up to 3–5 years. Oral contraceptives and condoms are short-term methods, while a copper IUD is non-hormonal.
- Which of the following is NOT a function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
A. Thickens the endometrial lining
B. Stimulates milk production
C. Regulates the menstrual cycle
D. Promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics
Answer: B. Stimulates milk production
Explanation: Estrogen is responsible for thickening the endometrial lining, regulating the menstrual cycle, and promoting the development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breast development). Prolactin, not estrogen, stimulates milk production during lactation.
- Which of the following contraceptive methods provides protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
A. Diaphragm
B. Oral contraceptive pills
C. Condom
D. Copper IUD
Answer: C. Condom
Explanation: Condoms are the only contraceptive method that provides significant protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by preventing the exchange of bodily fluids and direct contact between partners.
- The process of embedding a fertilized egg into the lining of the uterus is called:
A. Ovulation
B. Fertilization
C. Implantation
D. Parturition
Answer: C. Implantation
Explanation: Implantation is the process by which a fertilized egg (zygote) embeds itself into the endometrial lining of the uterus, where it can develop into an embryo. Ovulation is the release of an egg, fertilization occurs when sperm and egg meet, and parturition is childbirth.
- Which of the following contraceptive methods is based on the detection of fertile days through changes in cervical mucus or basal body temperature?
A. Barrier methods
B. Rhythm method
C. Natural family planning
D. Oral contraceptive pills
Answer: C. Natural family planning
Explanation: Natural family planning (NFP) is a method where couples track changes in cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and other signs to determine the fertile days in a woman’s menstrual cycle. They avoid intercourse during fertile periods to prevent pregnancy.
- Which of the following methods is a surgical procedure that provides permanent contraception for females?
A. Vasectomy
B. Tubectomy
C. Diaphragm
D. Copper IUD
Answer: B. Tubectomy
Explanation: A tubectomy is a permanent surgical procedure for females, in which the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus. Vasectomy is the equivalent procedure for males.
- What is the primary purpose of using a diaphragm in contraception?
A. To prevent ovulation
B. To block sperm from entering the uterus
C. To kill sperm
D. To alter the menstrual cycle
Answer: B. To block sperm from entering the uterus
Explanation: A diaphragm is a barrier method of contraception that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing an egg. It is often used with spermicide for increased effectiveness.
- Which of the following conditions is associated with the overproduction of androgens in females, leading to symptoms such as irregular periods and infertility?
A. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
B. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
C. Endometriosis
D. Menopause
Answer: B. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Explanation: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder in women characterized by the overproduction of androgens (male hormones), leading to symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, and excessive hair growth. It can also cause cysts on the ovaries.
- Which hormone triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
A. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
Answer: B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Explanation: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. The LH surge occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle and leads to ovulation within 24–36 hours.
- What is the primary purpose of a copper IUD (intrauterine device)?
A. To release hormones that prevent pregnancy
B. To block sperm from entering the fallopian tubes
C. To kill sperm and prevent fertilization
D. To thicken the cervical mucus
Answer: C. To kill sperm and prevent fertilization
Explanation: A copper IUD releases copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, impairing their motility and ability to fertilize an egg. It also alters the uterine lining, making it inhospitable for implantation. Copper IUDs do not rely on hormones.
- Which of the following contraceptive methods is the most effective in preventing pregnancy?
A. Withdrawal method
B. Oral contraceptive pills
C. Condoms
D. Vasectomy
Answer: D. Vasectomy
Explanation: A vasectomy is a permanent and highly effective method of contraception for males, with a failure rate of less than 1%. Oral contraceptives, condoms, and the withdrawal method are less effective compared to vasectomy.
- Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for the mother?
A. Increases fertility
B. Reduces the risk of certain cancers
C. Increases menstrual bleeding
D. Increases the risk of osteoporosis
Answer: B. Reduces the risk of certain cancers
Explanation: Breastfeeding provides health benefits for mothers, including a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers, as well as a lower risk of osteoporosis later in life. It can also delay the return of menstruation and fertility.
- Which of the following conditions is associated with the growth of tissue similar to the lining of the uterus outside the uterine cavity?
A. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
B. Endometriosis
C. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
D. Cervical cancer
Answer: B. Endometriosis
Explanation: Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, often causing pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility. It can affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic structures.
- What is the term for the cessation of menstruation, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years?
A. Menarche
B. Ovulation
C. Menopause
D. Luteal phase
Answer: C. Menopause
Explanation: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years. Menarche refers to the first menstrual cycle.
- Which contraceptive method works by releasing progestin to prevent pregnancy for up to three months?
A. Contraceptive patch
B. Oral contraceptive pills
C. Depo-Provera (injectable)
D. Copper IUD
Answer: C. Depo-Provera (injectable)
Explanation: Depo-Provera is an injectable contraceptive that releases progestin to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, preventing sperm from reaching an egg. It is effective for up to three months. The contraceptive patch and oral pills are also hormonal methods, but they are used more frequently.
- Which of the following is a non-hormonal emergency contraceptive method?
A. Copper IUD
B. Progestin-only pills
C. Contraceptive implant
D. Oral contraceptive pills
Answer: A. Copper IUD
Explanation: The Copper IUD can be used as a non-hormonal emergency contraceptive method if inserted within five days of unprotected intercourse. It prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg and inhibits implantation. Progestin-only pills and other hormonal methods can also be used for emergency contraception, but they involve hormones.
- Which of the following sexually transmitted infections can cause genital warts?
A. HIV
B. Syphilis
C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
D. Gonorrhea
Answer: C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Explanation: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that can cause genital warts and is also linked to cervical and other types of cancers. Vaccines are available to protect against the most dangerous strains of HPV. Syphilis, HIV, and gonorrhea are other STIs but do not cause genital warts.
Leave a comment