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Home/ Education/NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Reproductive Health”.

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On: October 4, 2024 Posted in Education, Biology, Exam, NEET Comments: 0 Views: 23

NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Reproductive Health”.

Here below some basic MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) of reproductive health with answer. Which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one.

  1. Which of the following is an advantage of oral contraceptive pills?
    A. Increases fertility
    B. Protects against STIs
    C. Suppresses ovulation
    D. Increases menstrual bleeding

Answer: C. Suppresses ovulation

Explanation: Oral contraceptive pills contain hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation. They make the cervical mucus thicker and the endometrium less receptive, preventing sperm from reaching the egg. However, they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and in fact, bleeding often becomes lighter with their use, not heavier.

  1. Which of the following is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) technique?
    A. GIFT
    B. IVF
    C. ZIFT
    D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: All of these are ART techniques:

GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer): Sperm and eggs are placed into the fallopian tube.
IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): Eggs are fertilized outside the body and the embryo is transferred into the uterus.
ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer): Fertilization occurs outside the body, but the zygote is placed in the fallopian tube.

  1. The function of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is primarily based on:
    A. Preventing sperm production
    B. Inhibiting ovulation
    C. Reducing implantation rate
    D. Changing uterine pH

Answer: B. Inhibiting ovulation

Explanation: Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is a natural form of contraception that works by inhibiting ovulation during the period of breastfeeding. The high levels of prolactin hormone during breastfeeding suppress the release of GnRH, thereby preventing the ovulation cycle.

  1. Which of the following diseases is caused by a viral pathogen?
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. Syphilis
    C. Genital Herpes
    D. Trichomoniasis

Answer: C. Genital Herpes

Explanation: Genital herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), a viral pathogen. In contrast, gonorrhea and syphilis are caused by bacteria, while trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan parasite.

  1. Which of the following is NOT a permanent method of contraception?
    A. Vasectomy
    B. Tubectomy
    C. Copper-T
    D. None of the above

Answer: C. Copper-T

Explanation: Vasectomy (in males) and Tubectomy (in females) are permanent methods of sterilization. Copper-T, however, is a long-term reversible contraceptive (Intrauterine Device, IUD) that prevents fertilization by releasing copper ions, which are toxic to sperm.

  1. What is the primary benefit of using condoms?
    A. They provide protection against all infections.
    B. They reduce the chances of pregnancy and STIs.
    C. They increase sperm mobility.
    D. They alter the female menstrual cycle.

Answer: B. They reduce the chances of pregnancy and STIs.

Explanation: Condoms are effective in reducing the chances of pregnancy by creating a physical barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. Additionally, condoms provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unlike many other contraceptive methods that do not protect against infections.

  1. Which of the following refers to the prevention of fertilization by physical barriers?
    A. Tubectomy
    B. Condom
    C. Oral contraceptive pill
    D. Copper-T

Answer: B. Condom

Explanation: Condoms are physical barriers that prevent the sperm from entering the female reproductive tract, thereby preventing fertilization. Tubectomy is a surgical procedure, oral contraceptive pills are hormonal, and Copper-T is an intrauterine device that acts on sperm motility and endometrium changes.

  1. A sexually transmitted disease that can be asymptomatic for a long period before showing symptoms is:
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. Syphilis
    C. AIDS
    D. Genital Warts

Answer: C. AIDS

Explanation: AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), may not show symptoms for several years after infection. The virus gradually weakens the immune system, leaving the individual vulnerable to infections and certain cancers. The other options, such as gonorrhea and syphilis, usually present symptoms earlier.

  1. The process by which sperm is artificially introduced into a female’s reproductive system is called:
    A. ZIFT
    B. GIFT
    C. IUI
    D. IVF

Answer: C. IUI

Explanation: Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is the process in which sperm is artificially introduced into the uterus. It is one of the simplest forms of assisted reproductive technology, primarily used when the sperm count is low or there are minor fertility issues.

  1. What is the role of contraceptive implants?
    A. Increase fertility
    B. Provide long-term contraception
    C. Protect against STIs
    D. None of the above

Answer: B. Provide long-term contraception

Explanation: Contraceptive implants release hormones (like progestin) over an extended period (up to 3-5 years), preventing ovulation and providing long-term contraception. However, they do not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections.

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  1. Which of the following is the safest period in the menstrual cycle for sexual intercourse to avoid pregnancy?
    A. Days 1 to 7 of the cycle
    B. Days 7 to 10 of the cycle
    C. Days 10 to 17 of the cycle
    D. Days 21 to 28 of the cycle

Answer: D. Days 21 to 28 of the cycle

Explanation: The fertile window typically occurs around ovulation (mid-cycle, around days 10-17 for a regular 28-day cycle). The safest period, when the chances of pregnancy are lowest, is after ovulation, during the luteal phase (days 21 to 28) when fertilization is less likely.

  1. MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) is legally allowed in India up to how many weeks of pregnancy?
    A. 8 weeks
    B. 12 weeks
    C. 20 weeks
    D. 24 weeks

Answer: D. 24 weeks

Explanation: The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of India was amended in 2021 to allow MTP up to 24 weeks of pregnancy under certain conditions, especially in cases involving risk to the mother’s life or fetal abnormalities.

  1. Which of the following STIs is caused by a bacterial infection?
    A. AIDS
    B. Genital herpes
    C. Syphilis
    D. Hepatitis B

Answer: C. Syphilis

Explanation: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The other options—AIDS (HIV), genital herpes (HSV), and hepatitis B—are caused by viruses.

  1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a barrier method of contraception?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Condom
    C. Cervical cap
    D. Oral contraceptive pill

Answer: D. Oral contraceptive pill

Explanation: Oral contraceptive pills are hormonal methods of contraception, not barrier methods. Barrier methods (like condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps) physically block the sperm from reaching the egg.

  1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy after implantation?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Prolactin
    C. Progesterone
    D. Oxytocin

Answer: C. Progesterone

Explanation: Progesterone is crucial for maintaining the endometrium (lining of the uterus) and supporting early pregnancy. It prevents the uterus from contracting and ensures the proper environment for the developing embryo.

  1. The hormone detected in a pregnancy test is:
    A. Progesterone
    B. Estrogen
    C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer: D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Explanation: Pregnancy tests detect hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), a hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation. hCG levels rise significantly in early pregnancy, making it an accurate indicator.

  1. What is the most common reason for infertility in women?
    A. Blocked fallopian tubes
    B. Ovulation disorders
    C. Cervical stenosis
    D. Uterine abnormalities

Answer: B. Ovulation disorders

Explanation: The most common cause of infertility in women is ovulation disorders, which affect the release of eggs from the ovaries. These can include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal imbalances, and premature ovarian failure.

  1. What does the term “contraceptive efficacy” refer to?
    A. The percentage of people who get pregnant while using a contraceptive
    B. The rate at which STIs are prevented by using contraception
    C. The likelihood of avoiding pregnancy while using contraception correctly
    D. The ability of a contraceptive to eliminate ovulation

Answer: C. The likelihood of avoiding pregnancy while using contraception correctly

Explanation: Contraceptive efficacy refers to how effectively a contraceptive method prevents pregnancy when used correctly and consistently. Higher efficacy means fewer pregnancies occur among users.

  1. Which method of contraception can also reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer?
    A. Copper IUD
    B. Condoms
    C. Oral contraceptive pills
    D. Vasectomy

Answer: C. Oral contraceptive pills

Explanation: Oral contraceptive pills have been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers due to their suppression of ovulation and regulation of hormonal cycles. They offer additional health benefits beyond contraception.

  1. Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
    A. Painful urination
    B. Genital sores
    C. Irregular heartbeat
    D. Unusual discharge

Answer: C. Irregular heartbeat

Explanation: An irregular heartbeat is not a symptom of STIs. Symptoms of STIs commonly include genital sores, painful urination, and unusual discharge. Irregular heartbeat is generally associated with cardiovascular issues, not STIs.

  1. IVF involves which of the following steps?
    A. Implanting sperm into the fallopian tube
    B. Transferring an embryo into the uterus
    C. Fertilization within the fallopian tube
    D. Zygote implantation into the ovary

Answer: B. Transferring an embryo into the uterus

Explanation: In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), eggs and sperm are combined in a laboratory setting to form an embryo, which is then transferred into the woman’s uterus. IVF is used when natural fertilization is difficult.

  1. What is the purpose of using an intrauterine device (IUD)?
    A. To enhance fertility
    B. To prevent ovulation
    C. To prevent fertilization or implantation
    D. To prevent menstruation

Answer: C. To prevent fertilization or implantation

Explanation: An IUD (Intrauterine Device) works by preventing fertilization and possibly implantation. Copper IUDs release copper ions that are toxic to sperm, while hormonal IUDs thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining, preventing implantation.

  1. The hormone responsible for the “let-down reflex” or milk ejection during breastfeeding is:
    A. Prolactin
    B. Oxytocin
    C. Estrogen
    D. Progesterone

Answer: B. Oxytocin

Explanation: Oxytocin is responsible for the milk ejection or “let-down reflex” during breastfeeding. Prolactin stimulates milk production, but oxytocin causes the smooth muscles of the mammary glands to contract, pushing milk into the ducts.

  1. Which of the following contraceptive methods can be used as emergency contraception?
    A. Oral contraceptive pills
    B. Condoms
    C. Intrauterine device (IUD)
    D. Tubectomy

Answer: C. Intrauterine device (IUD)

Explanation: An IUD, specifically a copper IUD, can be used as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days of unprotected intercourse. It prevents fertilization and may also inhibit implantation. Oral contraceptive pills, when used as emergency contraception, are different from regular birth control pills.

  1. Which of the following is the causative agent of Gonorrhea?
    A. Treponema pallidum
    B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    C. Human Papillomavirus
    D. Herpes Simplex Virus

Answer: B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Explanation: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterium responsible for gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection that affects mucous membranes of the reproductive tract. Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, and the others are viruses causing genital warts and herpes, respectively.

  1. Which contraceptive method works by preventing the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterine wall?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Copper IUD
    C. Oral contraceptive pills
    D. Male condoms

Answer: B. Copper IUD

Explanation: The Copper IUD works by releasing copper ions that impair sperm motility and also alter the uterine lining, making it inhospitable for a fertilized egg, thus preventing implantation. Condoms and diaphragms prevent sperm from reaching the egg, and oral contraceptive pills prevent ovulation.

  1. Which of the following methods is a permanent sterilization procedure for males?
    A. Tubectomy
    B. Vasectomy
    C. IUD
    D. Contraceptive implant

Answer: B. Vasectomy

Explanation: Vasectomy is a permanent sterilization procedure for males in which the vas deferens, the tubes carrying sperm from the testicles, are cut and sealed, preventing sperm from being released during ejaculation. Tubectomy is the equivalent procedure for females.

  1. Which hormone is tested to determine ovulation in women using home ovulation kits?
    A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    C. Estrogen
    D. Progesterone

Answer: B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Explanation: Home ovulation kits detect the LH surge that occurs just before ovulation. LH levels increase sharply about 24 to 36 hours before ovulation, making it a reliable indicator of a woman’s most fertile period.

  1. In which of the following situations is a zygote transferred into the fallopian tube?
    A. ZIFT
    B. GIFT
    C. IVF
    D. ICSI

Answer: A. ZIFT

Explanation: In Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT), the zygote (fertilized egg) is transferred into the fallopian tube, allowing it to travel down and implant naturally. In contrast, GIFT transfers gametes (sperm and eggs) into the fallopian tube, and IVF transfers the embryo into the uterus.

  1. Which of the following is a major benefit of breastfeeding for newborns?
    A. Increases the risk of infections
    B. Improves maternal fertility
    C. Provides antibodies to the infant
    D. Delays the closure of the fontanelles

Answer: C. Provides antibodies to the infant

Explanation: Breastfeeding provides essential antibodies (especially IgA) to the newborn, helping to protect the infant from infections and boosting its immune system. Breast milk also contains essential nutrients that support the baby’s growth and development.

  1. Which part of the female reproductive system is surgically cut during a tubectomy?
    A. Ovaries
    B. Uterus
    C. Fallopian tubes
    D. Cervix

Answer: C. Fallopian tubes

Explanation: Tubectomy is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus for fertilization. This method provides permanent contraception for women.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be prevented by vaccination?
    A. HIV
    B. Syphilis
    C. Genital herpes
    D. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer: D. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Explanation: Vaccination is available for Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which can prevent certain strains of the virus that cause genital warts and cervical cancer. There is no vaccine for HIV, syphilis, or genital herpes yet.

  1. The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the endometrium is shed is called:
    A. Follicular phase
    B. Ovulatory phase
    C. Luteal phase
    D. Menstrual phase

Answer: D. Menstrual phase

Explanation: The menstrual phase is when the endometrial lining of the uterus is shed through menstruation, marking the beginning of the menstrual cycle. The follicular phase follows, leading to ovulation, and then the luteal phase prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy.

  1. What is the purpose of using spermicides with barrier contraceptives?
    A. To improve sperm mobility
    B. To nourish sperm
    C. To kill or immobilize sperm
    D. To increase sperm production

Answer: C. To kill or immobilize sperm

Explanation: Spermicides are chemical agents that kill or immobilize sperm, providing an additional layer of protection when used with barrier methods like condoms or diaphragms. This reduces the chances of sperm reaching and fertilizing an egg.

  1. What does the acronym ART stand for in the context of reproductive health?
    A. Assisted Reproductive Therapy
    B. Artificial Reproductive Techniques
    C. Assisted Reproductive Technology
    D. Advanced Reproductive Treatments

Answer: C. Assisted Reproductive Technology

Explanation: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to various medical techniques used to achieve pregnancy, such as IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer), and ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection). These methods assist couples facing infertility issues.

  1. Which method of contraception works by preventing the release of eggs from the ovaries?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Oral contraceptive pills
    C. Copper IUD
    D. Male condom

Answer: B. Oral contraceptive pills

Explanation: Oral contraceptive pills contain hormones (usually estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation, meaning eggs are not released from the ovaries. Diaphragms and condoms are barrier methods, and copper IUDs work by affecting sperm motility and egg implantation.

  1. What is the role of prolactin during lactation?
    A. Stimulates ovulation
    B. Initiates uterine contractions
    C. Stimulates milk production
    D. Prevents menstruation

Answer: C. Stimulates milk production

Explanation: Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands after childbirth. Oxytocin, not prolactin, is responsible for the ejection of milk. Prolactin also helps delay the return of menstruation during breastfeeding, but its primary role is milk production.

  1. Which of the following is a viral sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. Syphilis
    C. Trichomoniasis
    D. Genital herpes

Answer: D. Genital herpes

Explanation: Genital herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), making it a viral sexually transmitted infection. Gonorrhea and syphilis are bacterial infections, while trichomoniasis is caused by a protozoan parasite.

  1. Which of the following procedures is used to correct blocked fallopian tubes?
    A. Tubectomy
    B. Hysterectomy
    C. Laparoscopic surgery
    D. Vasectomy

Answer: C. Laparoscopic surgery

Explanation: Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to correct blocked fallopian tubes, allowing women with this condition to potentially conceive. Tubectomy is a permanent sterilization procedure, and vasectomy is the equivalent for males.

  1. Which hormone helps prevent uterine contractions during pregnancy?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Prolactin
    C. Oxytocin
    D. Progesterone

Answer: D. Progesterone

Explanation: Progesterone plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy by preventing uterine contractions, which could cause premature expulsion of the embryo or fetus. It also helps maintain the endometrial lining, supporting a stable environment for the developing fetus.

  1. Which of the following is a male contraceptive method?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Copper IUD
    C. Vasectomy
    D. Oral contraceptive pills

Answer: C. Vasectomy

Explanation: A vasectomy is a permanent contraceptive method for males in which the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm, are cut and sealed. This prevents sperm from being released during ejaculation. Diaphragms and Copper IUDs are female methods, and oral contraceptive pills are also female hormonal methods.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is caused by a protozoan parasite?
    A. Genital warts
    B. Trichomoniasis
    C. Gonorrhea
    D. HIV/AIDS

Answer: B. Trichomoniasis

Explanation: Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Genital warts are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea is caused by bacteria, and HIV/AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

  1. Which of the following is a method of natural contraception?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Oral contraceptive pills
    C. Coitus interruptus
    D. Copper IUD

Answer: C. Coitus interruptus

Explanation: Coitus interruptus, or the “withdrawal method,” is a natural method of contraception where the male withdraws his penis before ejaculation, reducing the chances of sperm entering the vagina. However, it is less reliable compared to other methods like diaphragms, oral contraceptives, and IUDs.

  1. Which of the following is used to detect abnormalities in a developing fetus?
    A. Amniocentesis
    B. IUD
    C. Intrauterine insemination
    D. Tubectomy

Answer: A. Amniocentesis

Explanation: Amniocentesis is a prenatal test used to detect chromosomal abnormalities (like Down syndrome) and genetic disorders in a developing fetus. It involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid from the uterus. IUDs and tubectomies are contraceptive methods, while intrauterine insemination is a fertility treatment.

  1. What is the purpose of administering the HPV vaccine?
    A. To protect against gonorrhea
    B. To prevent genital herpes
    C. To protect against certain strains of Human Papillomavirus
    D. To prevent HIV/AIDS

Answer: C. To protect against certain strains of Human Papillomavirus

Explanation: The HPV vaccine protects against certain strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly those that can cause cervical cancer and genital warts. It does not protect against HIV, herpes, or gonorrhea.

  1. Which of the following hormones stimulates the thickening of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
    A. Progesterone
    B. Estrogen
    C. FSH
    D. Oxytocin

Answer: B. Estrogen

Explanation: Estrogen stimulates the thickening of the endometrium (uterine lining) during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, preparing the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone maintains the thickened lining after ovulation.

  1. Which of the following diseases can lead to infertility if left untreated?
    A. Genital warts
    B. Gonorrhea
    C. Syphilis
    D. Trichomoniasis

Answer: B. Gonorrhea

Explanation: Gonorrhea, if left untreated, can cause serious complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility in women. It can also cause scarring of the reproductive organs in both men and women.

  1. The rhythm method of contraception is based on:
    A. Surgical removal of the ovaries
    B. Monitoring the menstrual cycle and avoiding intercourse during fertile periods
    C. Using hormonal pills to prevent pregnancy
    D. Using a diaphragm to block sperm

Answer: B. Monitoring the menstrual cycle and avoiding intercourse during fertile periods

Explanation: The rhythm method is a natural contraception method that involves monitoring a woman’s menstrual cycle and avoiding intercourse during the fertile window, when ovulation is likely to occur. This reduces the chances of pregnancy without using physical or hormonal contraceptives.

  1. What is the role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the female reproductive system?
    A. Stimulates ovulation
    B. Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles
    C. Causes thickening of the endometrium
    D. Prevents menstruation

Answer: B. Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles

Explanation: FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of ovarian follicles during the early part of the menstrual cycle, which eventually leads to ovulation. LH (Luteinizing Hormone) triggers ovulation.

  1. Which of the following can help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
    A. Oral contraceptive pills
    B. Diaphragm
    C. Condom
    D. IUD

Answer: C. Condom

Explanation: Condoms are the most effective contraceptive method for reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) because they act as a physical barrier that prevents direct contact and the exchange of bodily fluids. Other contraceptive methods like diaphragms, IUDs, and pills do not protect against STIs.

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  1. In which of the following reproductive technologies are eggs fertilized outside the body and then implanted into the uterus?
    A. ZIFT
    B. IVF
    C. ICSI
    D. GIFT

Answer: B. IVF

Explanation: In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body in a laboratory, and the resulting embryo is implanted into the woman’s uterus. In contrast, ZIFT and GIFT involve transferring zygotes or gametes into the fallopian tube.

  1. Which of the following organs is affected in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
    A. Fallopian tubes
    B. Ovaries
    C. Uterus
    D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection that affects the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus. It is often caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, and can lead to infertility if not treated promptly.

  1. Which sexually transmitted infection is known as the “silent infection” due to its lack of symptoms in many cases?
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. HIV
    C. Syphilis
    D. Chlamydia

Answer: D. Chlamydia

Explanation: Chlamydia is often called the “silent infection” because it may not cause noticeable symptoms in many individuals, particularly women. If left untreated, it can cause serious complications, including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

  1. Which of the following is a hormonal contraceptive method that is long-lasting and reversible?
    A. Condom
    B. Copper IUD
    C. Oral contraceptive pills
    D. Contraceptive implant

Answer: D. Contraceptive implant

Explanation: A contraceptive implant is a long-lasting, reversible hormonal contraceptive method. It is a small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm, releasing progestin to prevent pregnancy for up to 3–5 years. Oral contraceptives and condoms are short-term methods, while a copper IUD is non-hormonal.

  1. Which of the following is NOT a function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
    A. Thickens the endometrial lining
    B. Stimulates milk production
    C. Regulates the menstrual cycle
    D. Promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Answer: B. Stimulates milk production

Explanation: Estrogen is responsible for thickening the endometrial lining, regulating the menstrual cycle, and promoting the development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breast development). Prolactin, not estrogen, stimulates milk production during lactation.

  1. Which of the following contraceptive methods provides protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Oral contraceptive pills
    C. Condom
    D. Copper IUD

Answer: C. Condom

Explanation: Condoms are the only contraceptive method that provides significant protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by preventing the exchange of bodily fluids and direct contact between partners.

  1. The process of embedding a fertilized egg into the lining of the uterus is called:
    A. Ovulation
    B. Fertilization
    C. Implantation
    D. Parturition

Answer: C. Implantation

Explanation: Implantation is the process by which a fertilized egg (zygote) embeds itself into the endometrial lining of the uterus, where it can develop into an embryo. Ovulation is the release of an egg, fertilization occurs when sperm and egg meet, and parturition is childbirth.

  1. Which of the following contraceptive methods is based on the detection of fertile days through changes in cervical mucus or basal body temperature?
    A. Barrier methods
    B. Rhythm method
    C. Natural family planning
    D. Oral contraceptive pills

Answer: C. Natural family planning

Explanation: Natural family planning (NFP) is a method where couples track changes in cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and other signs to determine the fertile days in a woman’s menstrual cycle. They avoid intercourse during fertile periods to prevent pregnancy.

  1. Which of the following methods is a surgical procedure that provides permanent contraception for females?
    A. Vasectomy
    B. Tubectomy
    C. Diaphragm
    D. Copper IUD

Answer: B. Tubectomy

Explanation: A tubectomy is a permanent surgical procedure for females, in which the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus. Vasectomy is the equivalent procedure for males.

  1. What is the primary purpose of using a diaphragm in contraception?
    A. To prevent ovulation
    B. To block sperm from entering the uterus
    C. To kill sperm
    D. To alter the menstrual cycle

Answer: B. To block sperm from entering the uterus

Explanation: A diaphragm is a barrier method of contraception that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing an egg. It is often used with spermicide for increased effectiveness.

  1. Which of the following conditions is associated with the overproduction of androgens in females, leading to symptoms such as irregular periods and infertility?
    A. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
    B. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
    C. Endometriosis
    D. Menopause

Answer: B. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Explanation: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder in women characterized by the overproduction of androgens (male hormones), leading to symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, and excessive hair growth. It can also cause cysts on the ovaries.

  1. Which hormone triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
    A. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
    B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
    C. Estrogen
    D. Progesterone

Answer: B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Explanation: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. The LH surge occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle and leads to ovulation within 24–36 hours.

  1. What is the primary purpose of a copper IUD (intrauterine device)?
    A. To release hormones that prevent pregnancy
    B. To block sperm from entering the fallopian tubes
    C. To kill sperm and prevent fertilization
    D. To thicken the cervical mucus

Answer: C. To kill sperm and prevent fertilization

Explanation: A copper IUD releases copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, impairing their motility and ability to fertilize an egg. It also alters the uterine lining, making it inhospitable for implantation. Copper IUDs do not rely on hormones.

  1. Which of the following contraceptive methods is the most effective in preventing pregnancy?
    A. Withdrawal method
    B. Oral contraceptive pills
    C. Condoms
    D. Vasectomy

Answer: D. Vasectomy

Explanation: A vasectomy is a permanent and highly effective method of contraception for males, with a failure rate of less than 1%. Oral contraceptives, condoms, and the withdrawal method are less effective compared to vasectomy.

  1. Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding for the mother?
    A. Increases fertility
    B. Reduces the risk of certain cancers
    C. Increases menstrual bleeding
    D. Increases the risk of osteoporosis

Answer: B. Reduces the risk of certain cancers

Explanation: Breastfeeding provides health benefits for mothers, including a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancers, as well as a lower risk of osteoporosis later in life. It can also delay the return of menstruation and fertility.

  1. Which of the following conditions is associated with the growth of tissue similar to the lining of the uterus outside the uterine cavity?
    A. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
    B. Endometriosis
    C. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
    D. Cervical cancer

Answer: B. Endometriosis

Explanation: Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, often causing pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility. It can affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic structures.

  1. What is the term for the cessation of menstruation, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years?
    A. Menarche
    B. Ovulation
    C. Menopause
    D. Luteal phase

Answer: C. Menopause

Explanation: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years. Menarche refers to the first menstrual cycle.

  1. Which contraceptive method works by releasing progestin to prevent pregnancy for up to three months?
    A. Contraceptive patch
    B. Oral contraceptive pills
    C. Depo-Provera (injectable)
    D. Copper IUD

Answer: C. Depo-Provera (injectable)

Explanation: Depo-Provera is an injectable contraceptive that releases progestin to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, preventing sperm from reaching an egg. It is effective for up to three months. The contraceptive patch and oral pills are also hormonal methods, but they are used more frequently.

  1. Which of the following is a non-hormonal emergency contraceptive method?
    A. Copper IUD
    B. Progestin-only pills
    C. Contraceptive implant
    D. Oral contraceptive pills

Answer: A. Copper IUD

Explanation: The Copper IUD can be used as a non-hormonal emergency contraceptive method if inserted within five days of unprotected intercourse. It prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg and inhibits implantation. Progestin-only pills and other hormonal methods can also be used for emergency contraception, but they involve hormones.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections can cause genital warts?
    A. HIV
    B. Syphilis
    C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    D. Gonorrhea

Answer: C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Explanation: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that can cause genital warts and is also linked to cervical and other types of cancers. Vaccines are available to protect against the most dangerous strains of HPV. Syphilis, HIV, and gonorrhea are other STIs but do not cause genital warts.

  1. Which of the following is a permanent sterilization procedure for males?
    A. Tubectomy
    B. Hysterectomy
    C. Vasectomy
    D. Laparoscopy

Answer: C. Vasectomy

Explanation: A vasectomy is a permanent sterilization procedure for males in which the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm, are cut and sealed. This prevents sperm from entering the semen during ejaculation. Tubectomy is the equivalent procedure for females.

  1. Which contraceptive method involves tracking ovulation and avoiding intercourse during the fertile window?
    A. Oral contraceptive pills
    B. Rhythm method
    C. Contraceptive implant
    D. Copper IUD

Answer: B. Rhythm method

Explanation: The rhythm method is a natural form of contraception that involves tracking the menstrual cycle and avoiding intercourse during the fertile window, when ovulation is likely to occur. It requires careful monitoring and is less effective than other methods.

  1. Which of the following is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during early pregnancy?
    A. Prevents menstruation
    B. Stimulates the release of eggs
    C. Maintains the corpus luteum
    D. Promotes uterine contractions

Answer: C. Maintains the corpus luteum

Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta during early pregnancy and helps maintain the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone necessary to sustain the pregnancy. It prevents menstruation by ensuring the endometrium remains intact.

  1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the contraction of the uterus during childbirth?
    A. Progesterone
    B. Oxytocin
    C. Estrogen
    D. Prolactin

Answer: B. Oxytocin

Explanation: Oxytocin is the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and childbirth. It also plays a role in milk ejection during breastfeeding. Progesterone and estrogen are important for maintaining pregnancy, while prolactin is responsible for milk production.

  1. Which of the following is a method of assisted reproductive technology (ART) where sperm is directly injected into the egg?
    A. IVF
    B. GIFT
    C. ZIFT
    D. ICSI

Answer: D. ICSI

Explanation: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is a method of assisted reproductive technology (ART) where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This technique is often used in cases of male infertility. IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is another ART method, but it does not involve directly injecting sperm into the egg.

  1. What is the function of the contraceptive patch?
    A. Prevents ovulation
    B. Blocks sperm from entering the uterus
    C. Alters the lining of the uterus
    D. Stimulates the release of eggs

Answer: A. Prevents ovulation

Explanation: The contraceptive patch is a hormonal method that releases estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation, similar to oral contraceptive pills. It also thickens cervical mucus to block sperm. It is worn on the skin and changed weekly.

  1. Which of the following conditions can result from an untreated sexually transmitted infection, potentially leading to infertility in women?
    A. Endometriosis
    B. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    C. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
    D. Menopause

Answer: C. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Explanation: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea or chlamydia. It can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes, leading to infertility.

  1. Which hormone is produced by the placenta during pregnancy and is detected by pregnancy tests?
    A. Oxytocin
    B. Estrogen
    C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
    D. Progesterone

Answer: C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta shortly after implantation and is the hormone detected by home pregnancy tests. It helps maintain the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone during the early stages of pregnancy.

  1. Which of the following hormones is responsible for maintaining pregnancy by keeping the uterine lining intact?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Progesterone
    C. Oxytocin
    D. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer: B. Progesterone

Explanation: Progesterone is essential for maintaining pregnancy as it helps keep the uterine lining intact, preventing menstruation and ensuring a stable environment for the developing fetus. Estrogen also plays a role in pregnancy but is not as directly responsible for maintaining the uterine lining.

  1. Which type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) involves placing both eggs and sperm into the fallopian tube for fertilization inside the body?
    A. IVF
    B. ZIFT
    C. GIFT
    D. ICSI

Answer: C. GIFT

Explanation: Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) involves placing both eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs naturally inside the body. This contrasts with IVF, where fertilization occurs outside the body before the embryo is implanted.

topics related to reproductive health, including contraception, pregnancy, hormones, and sexually transmitted infections.

  1. Which of the following birth control methods is considered the most effective reversible contraceptive?
    A. Oral contraceptive pills
    B. Condom
    C. Contraceptive implant
    D. Rhythm method

Answer: C. Contraceptive implant

Explanation: The contraceptive implant is one of the most effective reversible methods of birth control, with a failure rate of less than 1%. It works by releasing hormones that prevent ovulation. Oral contraceptive pills and condoms are also effective but have higher failure rates due to user error.

  1. In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization usually occur?
    A. Uterus
    B. Cervix
    C. Fallopian tube
    D. Ovary

Answer: C. Fallopian tube

Explanation: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm meets the egg after ovulation. The fertilized egg then travels to the uterus, where it implants and develops into an embryo.

  1. Which of the following hormones is released in large amounts during childbirth and helps in the process of labor?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Progesterone
    C. Oxytocin
    D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer: C. Oxytocin

Explanation: Oxytocin is released in large amounts during labor and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions, which help in the process of childbirth. It also plays a role in breastfeeding by aiding the milk let-down reflex.

  1. Which of the following contraceptive methods is permanent and used for male sterilization?
    A. Tubectomy
    B. Vasectomy
    C. IUD
    D. Diaphragm

Answer: B. Vasectomy

Explanation: A vasectomy is a permanent form of male sterilization, in which the vas deferens (the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles) are cut and sealed. This prevents sperm from entering the semen and causing pregnancy.

  1. The process of surgically removing a woman’s uterus is called:
    A. Tubectomy
    B. Vasectomy
    C. Hysterectomy
    D. Laparoscopy

Answer: C. Hysterectomy

Explanation: A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. This procedure is sometimes necessary for medical reasons, such as uterine fibroids, cancer, or severe endometriosis. After a hysterectomy, a woman can no longer become pregnant.

  1. Which of the following contraceptive methods involves the use of a T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Condom
    C. Intrauterine device (IUD)
    D. Oral contraceptive pills

Answer: C. Intrauterine device (IUD)

Explanation: An Intrauterine device (IUD) is a small T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are two types of IUDs: copper IUDs, which are non-hormonal, and hormonal IUDs, which release hormones to prevent pregnancy.

  1. Which hormone is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining?
    A. Oxytocin
    B. Estrogen
    C. Progesterone
    D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer: C. Progesterone

Explanation: Progesterone is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the endometrial lining. This provides a suitable environment for the fertilized egg to implant and develop into an embryo.

  1. Which of the following is a function of the hormone prolactin?
    A. Stimulates uterine contractions
    B. Stimulates milk production
    C. Regulates the menstrual cycle
    D. Promotes ovulation

Answer: B. Stimulates milk production

Explanation: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in breastfeeding mothers. It is released from the pituitary gland after childbirth, allowing the mother to produce milk for the newborn.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is caused by a virus?
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. Syphilis
    C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    D. Chlamydia

Answer: C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Explanation: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that can cause genital warts and is associated with cervical cancer. Gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia are all bacterial infections, while HPV is a virus.

  1. What is the main purpose of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the reproductive system?
    A. Stimulates the release of the egg during ovulation
    B. Stimulates the production of sperm in males
    C. Prepares the uterus for pregnancy
    D. Prevents menstruation

Answer: B. Stimulates the production of sperm in males

Explanation: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) plays a role in both male and female reproductive systems. In males, FSH stimulates the production of sperm in the testes. In females, it stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles, leading to the maturation of the egg.

  1. Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating the release of the egg from the ovary during ovulation?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Progesterone
    C. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
    D. Oxytocin

Answer: C. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Explanation: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is responsible for triggering ovulation, which is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. The LH surge occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, leading to ovulation.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be prevented by vaccination?
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. Syphilis
    C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    D. Chlamydia

Answer: C. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Explanation: The HPV vaccine protects against the strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) that are most likely to cause cervical cancer and genital warts. Vaccines are not available for bacterial STIs like gonorrhea, syphilis, or chlamydia.

  1. Which of the following is the most effective method of emergency contraception?
    A. Copper IUD
    B. Condoms
    C. Oral contraceptive pills
    D. Rhythm method

Answer: A. Copper IUD

Explanation: The Copper IUD is the most effective method of emergency contraception when inserted within five days of unprotected intercourse. It prevents fertilization and implantation of a fertilized egg. Other methods, such as emergency contraceptive pills, are less effective compared to the Copper IUD.

  1. What is the main role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
    A. Prevents menstruation
    B. Maintains pregnancy
    C. Promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics
    D. Stimulates milk production

Answer: C. Promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Explanation: Estrogen is the primary hormone responsible for promoting the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

  1. Which contraceptive method works by physically blocking sperm from entering the uterus?
    A. Oral contraceptive pills
    B. Diaphragm
    C. Hormonal IUD
    D. Contraceptive patch

Answer: B. Diaphragm

Explanation: A diaphragm is a barrier contraceptive method that physically blocks sperm from entering the uterus. It is placed over the cervix before intercourse to prevent sperm from reaching an egg. It is often used with spermicide for additional protection.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is caused by bacteria?
    A. HIV
    B. Syphilis
    C. Herpes
    D. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer: B. Syphilis

Explanation: Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can be treated with antibiotics if detected early. HIV, herpes, and HPV are caused by viruses.

  1. Which of the following hormones is involved in maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Progesterone
    C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
    D. Oxytocin

Answer: C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta during early pregnancy and helps maintain the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone necessary to sustain the pregnancy.

  1. What is the primary function of the hormone oxytocin during childbirth?
    A. Prevents ovulation
    B. Maintains the endometrial lining
    C. Stimulates uterine contractions
    D. Thickens cervical mucus

Answer: C. Stimulates uterine contractions

Explanation: Oxytocin plays a key role in stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth, helping to facilitate labor. It also promotes bonding between the mother and baby after birth.

  1. What is the primary action of oral contraceptive pills?
    A. Prevents ovulation
    B. Blocks sperm entry into the uterus
    C. Increases cervical mucus production
    D. Prevents implantation of a fertilized egg

Answer: A. Prevents ovulation

Explanation: Oral contraceptive pills primarily work by preventing ovulation. The hormones in the pill, estrogen, and progestin, inhibit the release of an egg from the ovary, which prevents pregnancy.

  1. Which of the following is a method of contraception that uses hormones released from a flexible ring inserted into the vagina?
    A. IUD
    B. Contraceptive patch
    C. Vaginal ring
    D. Contraceptive implant

Answer: C. Vaginal ring

Explanation: The vaginal ring is a hormonal contraceptive method where a flexible ring is inserted into the vagina. It releases hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation, similar to oral contraceptive pills.

  1. What is the main role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
    A. Stimulates ovulation
    B. Thickens the endometrial lining
    C. Stimulates the production of eggs
    D. Promotes menstruation

Answer: B. Thickens the endometrial lining

Explanation: Progesterone plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle by thickening the endometrial lining of the uterus, preparing it for the implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to menstruation.

  1. Which assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure involves directly transferring a fertilized egg into the fallopian tube?
    A. IVF
    B. ICSI
    C. ZIFT
    D. GIFT

Answer: C. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)

Explanation: Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is an ART procedure in which a fertilized egg (zygote) is transferred directly into the fallopian tube. This is different from IVF, where the embryo is placed in the uterus.

  1. Which of the following infections is known to cause cervical cancer?
    A. Gonorrhea
    B. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    C. HIV
    D. Herpes simplex virus

Answer: B. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Explanation: Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly certain high-risk strains, is strongly linked to the development of cervical cancer. Vaccination against HPV can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

  1. Which hormone triggers the thickening of the cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry during pregnancy?
    A. Estrogen
    B. Oxytocin
    C. Progesterone
    D. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer: C. Progesterone

Explanation: During pregnancy, progesterone helps maintain a thickened cervical mucus, which acts as a barrier to prevent sperm and bacteria from entering the uterus. This protects the developing fetus.

  1. Which assisted reproductive technology (ART) involves the direct injection of sperm into the egg to overcome male infertility issues?
    A. IVF
    B. ICSI
    C. GIFT
    D. ZIFT

Answer: B. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Explanation: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is an ART method where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to assist in fertilization. This is often used in cases of severe male infertility.

  1. What is the main risk associated with untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
    A. Infertility
    B. Weight gain
    C. Hair loss
    D. High blood pressure

Answer: A. Infertility

Explanation: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), if left untreated, can lead to serious complications, including infertility, due to scarring of the fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs.

  1. What is the primary mechanism of action of a copper IUD?
    A. Prevents ovulation
    B. Blocks sperm from entering the uterus
    C. Releases copper ions that kill sperm
    D. Thickens cervical mucus

Answer: C. Releases copper ions that kill sperm

Explanation: The copper IUD works primarily by releasing copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. It also creates an inflammatory response in the uterus that makes it inhospitable for implantation.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not curable?
    A. Syphilis
    B. Gonorrhea
    C. Chlamydia
    D. Herpes

Answer: D. Herpes

Explanation: Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and is not curable, though it can be managed with antiviral medications. In contrast, bacterial STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia are curable with antibiotics.

  1. Which method of contraception works by preventing the sperm from meeting the egg by creating a physical barrier?
    A. Diaphragm
    B. Oral contraceptive pills
    C. IUD
    D. Hormonal patch

Answer: A. Diaphragm

Explanation: The diaphragm is a barrier method of contraception that is inserted into the vagina and covers the cervix, physically blocking sperm from reaching the egg.

  1. What is the main purpose of the hormone luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female reproductive system?
    A. Prevents menstruation
    B. Triggers ovulation
    C. Thickens the endometrium
    D. Stimulates milk production

Answer: B. Triggers ovulation

Explanation: Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a critical role in the female reproductive system by triggering ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This LH surge occurs mid-cycle during the menstrual cycle.

  1. Which of the following is a symptom of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
    A. Excessive weight gain
    B. Irregular menstrual cycles
    C. Low blood pressure
    D. Increased hair loss

Answer: B. Irregular menstrual cycles

Explanation: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal imbalances that often lead to irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), weight gain, and difficulties with fertility.

  1. Which of the following is a hormonal contraceptive method that works by being injected every three months?
    A. Vaginal ring
    B. Contraceptive patch
    C. Depo-Provera
    D. Copper IUD

Answer: C. Depo-Provera

Explanation: Depo-Provera is a hormonal contraceptive injection that is given every three months. It releases progestin to prevent ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

  1. Which of the following hormones is tested in home pregnancy tests?
    A. Progesterone
    B. Estrogen
    C. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
    D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer: D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Explanation: Home pregnancy tests detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced by the placenta shortly after the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining.

  1. What is the main role of estrogen in the female body?
    A. Stimulates ovulation
    B. Prepares the endometrium for pregnancy
    C. Develops secondary sexual characteristics
    D. Prevents menstruation

Answer: C. Develops secondary sexual characteristics

Explanation: Estrogen is the primary hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

  1. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is caused by a bacterium?
    A. Genital herpes
    B. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    C. Gonorrhea
    D. HIV

Answer: C. Gonorrhea

Explanation: Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can be treated with antibiotics, whereas herpes, HPV, and HIV are caused by viruses.

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