- What is an example of mutualism?
A) A tick feeding on a dog
B) A bee pollinating a flower
C) A lion hunting a zebra
D) A bird feeding on the remains of a dead animal
Answer: B) A bee pollinating a flower
Explanation:
In mutualism, both species benefit. The bee gets nectar, while the flower gets pollinated, aiding reproduction.
- What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
A) The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support indefinitely.
B) The total energy available to the ecosystem.
C) The number of species in an ecosystem.
D) The number of predators in the ecosystem.
Answer: A) The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support indefinitely.
Explanation:
Carrying capacity refers to the largest number of individuals that an environment can sustainably support over time without degrading.
- In a predator-prey relationship, what happens to the prey population if the predator population increases?
A) The prey population increases.
B) The prey population decreases.
C) The prey population stabilizes.
D) The prey population remains unaffected.
Answer: B) The prey population decreases.
Explanation:
As predator numbers increase, they consume more prey, which leads to a decrease in the prey population.
- Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor affecting a population?
A) Competition for food
B) Spread of disease
C) Floods
D) Availability of nesting sites
Answer: C) Floods
Explanation:
Density-independent factors, such as floods and natural disasters, affect populations regardless of their size or density.
- What is the primary factor that controls the size of a population in a given environment?
A) The number of predators
B) The availability of resources
C) The number of competitors
D) The level of pollution
Answer: B) The availability of resources
Explanation:
The availability of resources like food, water, and shelter is the primary factor that controls population size, as it dictates how many individuals can be supported in an environment.
- Which of the following best describes the term “population density”?
A) The total number of individuals in an ecosystem.
B) The number of individuals of the same species per unit area or volume.
C) The number of different species in a given area.
D) The rate at which individuals leave a population.
Answer: B) The number of individuals of the same species per unit area or volume.
Explanation:
Population density refers to how many individuals of a species live in a specific area or volume, and it can influence competition and resource availability.
- Which of the following is an example of a primary consumer in an ecosystem?
A) A producer
B) A herbivore
C) A carnivore
D) A decomposer
Answer: B) A herbivore
Explanation:
Primary consumers are herbivores that feed on producers (plants) and occupy the second trophic level in a food chain.
- What term describes the interaction where one organism benefits and the other is harmed, but not necessarily killed?
A) Mutualism
B) Commensalism
C) Parasitism
D) Amensalism
Answer: C) Parasitism
Explanation:
In parasitism, one organism benefits (the parasite) at the expense of the other (the host), which is harmed but not necessarily killed.
- Which of the following factors could lead to a population experiencing a “bottleneck” effect?
A) A large number of individuals moving into a new area
B) A catastrophic event that drastically reduces population size
C) A population slowly adapting to a changing environment
D) The introduction of new predators into the environment
Answer: B) A catastrophic event that drastically reduces population size
Explanation:
A bottleneck effect occurs when a population’s size is sharply reduced due to an event, leading to a loss of genetic diversity in the surviving population.
- What is an example of a secondary consumer in an ecosystem?
A) A tree
B) A rabbit
C) A frog that eats insects
D) A grasshopper
Answer: C) A frog that eats insects
Explanation:
A secondary consumer is typically a carnivore or omnivore that feeds on primary consumers, like a frog eating insects.
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