- What is meant by “biotic potential”?
A) The maximum number of offspring an organism can produce under ideal conditions.
B) The total number of species in an ecosystem.
C) The interaction between different species in a community.
D) The availability of resources in an environment.
Answer: A) The maximum number of offspring an organism can produce under ideal conditions.
Explanation:
Biotic potential refers to the maximum reproductive capacity of an organism in an environment with unlimited resources and no environmental pressures.
- What does the term “logistic growth” refer to?
A) A population’s rapid and unrestricted increase in size.
B) A population’s growth that slows down as it approaches the carrying capacity.
C) Growth that increases rapidly without any limiting factors.
D) Growth patterns that repeat every generation.
Answer: B) A population’s growth that slows down as it approaches the carrying capacity.
Explanation:
Logistic growth occurs when a population grows rapidly at first but slows down and stabilizes as resources become limited and the population approaches the carrying capacity.
- What is the most likely consequence of a population exceeding its carrying capacity?
A) The population will continue to grow at an exponential rate.
B) The population will experience a decline due to resource depletion.
C) The population will experience logistic growth.
D) The population will split into multiple smaller populations.
Answer: B) The population will experience a decline due to resource depletion.
Explanation:
When a population exceeds its carrying capacity, resources such as food and shelter become scarce, leading to a decline in population size.
- Which of the following is a characteristic of an S-shaped curve in population growth?
A) The population grows exponentially at first and then stabilizes.
B) The population grows rapidly without any limitations.
C) The population remains constant over time.
D) The population decreases steadily over time.
Answer: A) The population grows exponentially at first and then stabilizes.
Explanation:
An S-shaped (logistic) curve shows rapid initial growth followed by a slowdown and eventual stabilization as the population approaches the environment’s carrying capacity.
- Which of the following is true about density-dependent factors?
A) Their effects are more pronounced in larger populations.
B) They do not depend on the population size.
C) They are typically environmental factors like weather and climate.
D) They increase population growth rates.
Answer: A) Their effects are more pronounced in larger populations.
Explanation:
Density-dependent factors such as competition, predation, and disease have a greater impact as population density increases, limiting further population growth.
- A relationship in which both organisms benefit is called:
A) Predation
B) Parasitism
C) Mutualism
D) Commensalism
Answer: C) Mutualism
Explanation:
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers while gathering nectar.
- What is the term for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment?
A) Habitat
B) Fitness
C) Adaptation
D) Evolution
Answer: B) Fitness
Explanation:
Fitness refers to an organism’s ability to survive, reproduce, and pass its genes to the next generation in a given environment.
- Which of the following best describes a “r-selected” species?
A) They reproduce early and produce many offspring with low survival rates.
B) They produce few offspring with high parental investment.
C) They are large, slow-growing, and long-lived.
D) They are typically apex predators in their ecosystems.
Answer: A) They reproduce early and produce many offspring with low survival rates.
Explanation:
R-selected species reproduce quickly, producing many offspring, but with little to no parental care, and typically have a high mortality rate in early life.
- Which of the following is NOT a method of population regulation?
A) Competition for resources
B) Disease
C) Immigration
D) Genetic mutation
Answer: D) Genetic mutation
Explanation:
Genetic mutation can lead to evolutionary changes but is not directly a factor in regulating population size, unlike competition, disease, and immigration.
- Which of the following best describes the role of a producer in an ecosystem?
A) It breaks down organic matter for nutrients.
B) It provides energy by converting solar energy into chemical energy.
C) It consumes herbivores.
D) It recycles nutrients back into the soil.
Answer: B) It provides energy by converting solar energy into chemical energy.
Explanation:
Producers, such as plants, convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.
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