MCQ 51:
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Parkinson’s disease
D) Huntington’s disease
Answer: C) Parkinson’s disease
Explanation: Parkinson’s disease is primarily caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to movement difficulties and other symptoms.
MCQ 52:
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
A) Processing taste
B) Processing smell
C) Processing vision
D) Processing touch
Answer: C) Processing vision
Explanation: The occipital lobe is the region of the brain primarily responsible for visual processing, interpreting signals from the eyes.
MCQ 53:
Which part of the brain is crucial for emotional regulation and memory?
A) Cerebellum
B) Hippocampus
C) Brainstem
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Hippocampus
Explanation: The hippocampus is important for forming new memories and is involved in regulating emotions and learning.
MCQ 54:
What is the role of the medulla oblongata in autonomic control?
A) Managing motor functions
B) Controlling involuntary functions like heartbeat and respiration
C) Processing sensory information
D) Regulating higher cognitive functions
Answer: B) Controlling involuntary functions like heartbeat and respiration
Explanation: The medulla oblongata regulates essential involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
MCQ 55:
Which of the following types of receptors is responsible for detecting temperature changes?
A) Mechanoreceptor
B) Photoreceptor
C) Thermoreceptor
D) Chemoreceptor
Answer: C) Thermoreceptor
Explanation: Thermoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in temperature, allowing the body to respond appropriately to thermal stimuli.
MCQ 56:
Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells?
A) Producing cerebrospinal fluid
B) Supporting and protecting neurons in the peripheral nervous system
C) Forming synapses
D) Regulating blood flow in the brain
Answer: B) Supporting and protecting neurons in the peripheral nervous system
Explanation: Schwann cells are responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system, aiding in faster signal transmission and supporting neuronal health.
MCQ 57:
What happens during the refractory period of a neuron?
A) The neuron is unable to fire another action potential.
B) The neuron is at rest and ready to fire.
C) The neuron is actively transmitting signals.
D) The neuron is depolarizing.
Answer: A) The neuron is unable to fire another action potential.
Explanation: During the refractory period, the neuron is temporarily unable to fire another action potential, which ensures that signals travel in one direction.
MCQ 58:
What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?
A) Regulating hormone secretion
B) Connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres
C) Processing auditory signals
D) Coordinating balance
Answer: B) Connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres
Explanation: The corpus callosum facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, enabling coordinated functions.
MCQ 59:
Which part of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stress-related activities?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Enteric nervous system
D) Central nervous system
Answer: A) Sympathetic nervous system
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system activates the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response, preparing it for stress-related activities by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow.
MCQ 60:
What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?
A) Increasing body temperature
B) Decreasing heart rate
C) Regulating hunger and thirst
D) Maintaining a stable body temperature
Answer: D) Maintaining a stable body temperature
Explanation: The hypothalamus plays a critical role in thermoregulation by sensing body temperature changes and activating mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
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