MCQ 41:
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the reward pathway in the brain?
A) Serotonin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA
Answer: B) Dopamine
Explanation: Dopamine plays a key role in the brain’s reward system, influencing feelings of pleasure and motivation.
MCQ 42:
What is the function of the vestibular system?
A) Regulating heart rate
B) Controlling voluntary movements
C) Maintaining balance and spatial orientation
D) Processing visual information
Answer: C) Maintaining balance and spatial orientation
Explanation: The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, helps maintain balance and spatial orientation by detecting changes in head position and motion.
MCQ 43:
Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters?
A) Dendrites
B) Axon terminals
C) Cell body
D) Node of Ranvier
Answer: B) Axon terminals
Explanation: Axon terminals, also known as synaptic boutons, are the parts of the neuron that release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft to communicate with other neurons.
MCQ 44:
Which glial cell type is involved in the immune response of the central nervous system?
A) Astrocytes
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Microglia
D) Schwann cells
Answer: C) Microglia
Explanation: Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system, responding to injury or disease by clearing debris and mediating inflammatory responses.
MCQ 45:
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
A) Regulating muscle contractions
B) Controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
C) Processing sensory information
D) Coordinating voluntary movements
Answer: B) Controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
Explanation: The hypothalamus regulates many endocrine functions by controlling the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland, thus influencing various body systems.
MCQ 46:
What is the role of the choroid plexus?
A) To form the blood-brain barrier
B) To produce cerebrospinal fluid
C) To connect different brain regions
D) To regulate hormone levels
Answer: B) To produce cerebrospinal fluid
Explanation: The choroid plexus is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain and spinal cord and removes waste products.
MCQ 47:
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms?
A) Medulla oblongata
B) Pineal gland
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Pineal gland
Explanation: The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.
MCQ 48:
What type of neurotransmitter is GABA?
A) Excitatory
B) Inhibitory
C) Modulatory
D) Transporter
Answer: B) Inhibitory
Explanation: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, helping to reduce neuronal excitability and prevent overstimulation.
MCQ 49:
Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?
A) Cornea
B) Lens
C) Iris
D) Retina
Answer: B) Lens
Explanation: The lens adjusts its shape to focus light onto the retina, enabling clear vision at various distances.
MCQ 50:
What is the function of the endocrine system?
A) Transmission of electrical signals
B) Secretion of hormones for long-distance communication
C) Regulation of reflex actions
D) Control of voluntary movements
Answer: B) Secretion of hormones for long-distance communication
Explanation: The endocrine system uses hormones to communicate between different parts of the body, regulating various physiological processes over longer distances than the nervous system.
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