MCQ 31:
Which type of neuron connects sensory neurons to motor neurons?
A) Sensory neurons
B) Motor neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Glial cells
Answer: C) Interneurons
Explanation: Interneurons serve as connectors between sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system, facilitating communication and reflex arcs.
MCQ 32:
The term “neuroplasticity” refers to:
A) The degeneration of neurons
B) The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt
C) The growth of new neurons
D) The production of neurotransmitters
Answer: B) The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt
Explanation: Neuroplasticity is the capacity of the nervous system to reorganize itself by forming new connections in response to learning, experience, or injury.
MCQ 33:
Which brain structure is involved in forming new memories?
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebellum
Answer: B) Hippocampus
Explanation: The hippocampus is essential for the formation of new memories and is involved in learning and spatial navigation.
MCQ 34:
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the ‘rest and digest’ response?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Answer: B) Parasympathetic nervous system
Explanation: The parasympathetic nervous system promotes the ‘rest and digest’ response, slowing heart rate and increasing digestive activity after stress has passed.
MCQ 35:
What role do neurotransmitters play in synaptic transmission?
A) They inhibit signal transmission.
B) They facilitate the electrical conduction of impulses.
C) They transmit signals across the synapse.
D) They maintain the resting membrane potential.
Answer: C) They transmit signals across the synapse.
Explanation: Neurotransmitters are chemicals released from the presynaptic neuron that cross the synaptic gap to transmit signals to the postsynaptic neuron.
MCQ 36:
Which ion is primarily involved in the repolarization phase of an action potential?
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Potassium
D) Magnesium
Answer: C) Potassium
Explanation: During repolarization, potassium ions (K+) exit the neuron, restoring the negative charge inside the cell after depolarization.
MCQ 37:
What is the primary function of sensory receptors?
A) To transmit signals to muscles
B) To detect environmental stimuli
C) To produce hormones
D) To protect neurons
Answer: B) To detect environmental stimuli
Explanation: Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect changes in the environment (stimuli) and convert them into electrical signals for the nervous system.
MCQ 38:
Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?
A) Increases digestion
B) Decreases heart rate
C) Dilates pupils
D) Promotes relaxation
Answer: C) Dilates pupils
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ responses, which includes dilating pupils to enhance vision in stressful situations.
MCQ 39:
What is the main role of the thalamus?
A) Processing auditory signals
B) Acting as a relay station for sensory information
C) Controlling balance
D) Regulating emotions
Answer: B) Acting as a relay station for sensory information
Explanation: The thalamus acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information (except smell), directing it to the appropriate areas of the brain for processing.
MCQ 40:
What is the primary role of astrocytes?
A) Insulating axons
B) Producing myelin
C) Supporting and nourishing neurons
D) Generating action potentials
Answer: C) Supporting and nourishing neurons
Explanation: Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that provide structural support, transport nutrients, and maintain the blood-brain barrier, playing a vital role in neuronal health.
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