MCQ 11:
Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?
A) Dendrites
B) Axon
C) Synapse
D) Node of Ranvier
Answer: B) Axon
Explanation: The axon is the long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.
MCQ 12:
What is the primary role of the corpus callosum?
A) Regulating blood pressure
B) Connecting the two hemispheres of the brain
C) Coordinating balance
D) Processing auditory information
Answer: B) Connecting the two hemispheres of the brain
Explanation: The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, facilitating interhemispheric communication.
MCQ 13:
Which ion is primarily responsible for depolarization during an action potential?
A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Chloride
Answer: B) Sodium
Explanation: During depolarization, sodium ions (Na+) rush into the neuron, causing the membrane potential to become more positive and propagate the action potential.
MCQ 14:
What part of the nervous system is primarily involved in involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion?
A) Central nervous system
B) Peripheral nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Answer: C) Autonomic nervous system
Explanation: The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate, operating without conscious control.
MCQ 15:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
A) Sensory perception
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Hormone production
D) Motor control
Answer: C) Hormone production
Explanation: While the nervous system regulates many body functions, hormone production is primarily the function of the endocrine system.
MCQ 16:
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and decision-making?
A) Brainstem
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Limbic system
Answer: C) Cerebral cortex
Explanation: The cerebral cortex is involved in higher-order brain functions, including reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
MCQ 17:
What is the role of the amygdala in the brain?
A) Regulating motor functions
B) Processing emotions and fear responses
C) Controlling balance
D) Managing homeostasis
Answer: B) Processing emotions and fear responses
Explanation: The amygdala is crucial for processing emotions, particularly those related to fear and pleasure, and plays a significant role in the emotional responses to stimuli.
MCQ 18:
What structure is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) Arachnoid mater
B) Choroid plexus
C) Dura mater
D) Pia mater
Answer: B) Choroid plexus
Explanation: The choroid plexus is a network of cells in the ventricles of the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.
MCQ 19:
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movements?
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Peripheral nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Answer: D) Somatic nervous system
Explanation: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, enabling conscious control over body actions.
MCQ 20:
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the digestive system?
A) Increases activity
B) Decreases activity
C) Has no effect
D) Enhances absorption
Answer: B) Decreases activity
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system generally inhibits digestive activity, redirecting energy to more immediate survival functions during stress.
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