- The bacterium used in vinegar production is:
A. Acetobacter aceti
B. Escherichia coli
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. Streptomyces griseus
Answer: A. Acetobacter aceti
Explanation:
Acetobacter aceti converts ethanol to acetic acid in an aerobic fermentation process, producing vinegar.
- Which bacterium is used in the production of bioplastics?
A. Bacillus subtilis
B. Pseudomonas putida
C. Rhodobacter sphaeroides
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B. Pseudomonas putida
Explanation:
Pseudomonas putida is genetically engineered to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biodegradable plastic used as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
- The biofertilizer used to promote the growth of leguminous crops is:
A. Azospirillum
B. Rhizobium
C. Clostridium
D. Pseudomonas
Answer: B. Rhizobium
Explanation:
Rhizobium forms nodules in the roots of leguminous plants and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, improving soil fertility and promoting plant growth.
- Which microorganism is used in the production of vitamin B12?
A. Propionibacterium shermanii
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Lactobacillus
D. Bacillus
Answer: A. Propionibacterium shermanii
Explanation:
Propionibacterium shermanii is used in the industrial production of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.
- The microorganism used in biological nitrogen fixation in paddy fields is:
A. Anabaena
B. Azotobacter
C. Clostridium
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: A. Anabaena
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena are used in paddy fields for biological nitrogen fixation, enriching the soil with nitrogen for rice cultivation.
- Which of the following is a methane-producing archaea found in biogas plants?
A. Methanobacterium
B. Rhizobium
C. Lactobacillus
D. Pseudomonas
Answer: A. Methanobacterium
Explanation:
Methanobacterium is an archaea involved in the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, producing methane in biogas plants.
- The microorganism used in the production of ethanol from molasses is:
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Escherichia coli
C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Explanation:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to ferment sugars in molasses to produce ethanol, which is used in alcoholic beverages and as biofuel.
- Which microorganism is used for the production of citric acid on a commercial scale?
A. Aspergillus niger
B. Penicillium notatum
C. Rhizopus nigricans
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: A. Aspergillus niger
Explanation:
Aspergillus niger is employed in the industrial production of citric acid, a widely used preservative and flavoring agent.
- Which microorganism is used in the industrial production of glutamic acid, a component of MSG (Monosodium Glutamate)?
A. Corynebacterium glutamicum
B. Bacillus subtilis
C. Escherichia coli
D. Rhizobium
Answer: A. Corynebacterium glutamicum
Explanation:
Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for large-scale production of glutamic acid, which is a key component of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer.
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