- The microorganism used for commercial production of ethanol is:
A. Rhizobium
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Penicillium
D. Streptococcus
Answer: B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Explanation:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) is the primary organism used in the commercial fermentation process to convert sugars into ethanol, particularly in the production of alcoholic beverages and biofuels.
- Which bacterium is used in the biological treatment of sewage in wastewater treatment plants?
A. Pseudomonas putida
B. Rhizobium
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. Acetobacter aceti
Answer: A. Pseudomonas putida
Explanation:
Pseudomonas putida is used in sewage treatment plants due to its ability to break down various organic pollutants, enhancing the treatment process.
- Which bacterium is commonly used to produce bioinsecticides for agricultural purposes?
A. Azotobacter
B. Bacillus thuringiensis
C. Clostridium
D. Lactobacillus
Answer: B. Bacillus thuringiensis
Explanation:
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills specific insect larvae and is used as a bioinsecticide, particularly in organic farming.
- The organism used in the production of the antibiotic penicillin is:
A. Penicillium notatum
B. Aspergillus niger
C. Rhizopus stolonifer
D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Answer: A. Penicillium notatum
Explanation:
Penicillium notatum was the first fungus identified by Alexander Fleming that produces penicillin, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
- Which microbe is used in the production of swiss cheese?
A. Aspergillus
B. Penicillium
C. Propionibacterium shermanii
D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Answer: C. Propionibacterium shermanii
Explanation:
Propionibacterium shermanii is involved in the fermentation process that creates swiss cheese, producing characteristic holes and a nutty flavor.
- Which microorganism is responsible for the spoilage of food by producing aflatoxins?
A. Aspergillus flavus
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Penicillium notatum
D. Rhizopus stolonifer
Answer: A. Aspergillus flavus
Explanation:
Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxins, toxic compounds that can contaminate food, particularly grains and nuts, leading to health risks.
- Which microorganism is used in the commercial production of acetic acid?
A. Acetobacter aceti
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Lactobacillus
D. Clostridium
Answer: A. Acetobacter aceti
Explanation:
Acetobacter aceti is used to produce acetic acid (vinegar) by oxidizing ethanol, a process widely used in the food industry.
- The enzyme lipase is produced by which microorganism and is used in detergent industries?
A. Streptomyces
B. Penicillium
C. Aspergillus
D. Rhizopus
Answer: A. Streptomyces
Explanation:
Streptomyces species produce the enzyme lipase, which breaks down fats and is used in the detergent industry to remove oil and grease stains.
- Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for the fermentation of idli and dosa batter?
A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B. Lactobacillus
C. Leuconostoc mesenteroides
D. Streptococcus
Answer: C. Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Explanation:
Leuconostoc mesenteroides is responsible for the lactic acid fermentation in idli and dosa batter, giving it its characteristic sour taste.
- The bacterium used to remove sulfur from coal and petroleum is:
A. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
B. Escherichia coli
C. Bacillus subtilis
D. Clostridium botulinum
Answer: A. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Explanation:
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is used in biodesulfurization, a process that removes sulfur compounds from coal and petroleum to reduce pollution when these fuels are burned.
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