- Which of the following is a vector for the transmission of Lyme disease?
a) Fleas
b) Ticks
c) Mosquitoes
d) Sandflies
Answer: b) Ticks
Explanation:
Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks, particularly the Ixodes species. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent. Fleas can transmit diseases like plague, mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria and dengue, and sandflies transmit leishmaniasis.
- Which of the following vitamins is deficient in scurvy?
a) Vitamin D
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin B12
Answer: c) Vitamin C
Explanation:
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, and Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia.
- Which of the following is a symptom of jaundice?
a) Yellowing of the skin and eyes
b) Loss of appetite
c) High blood pressure
d) Blurred vision
Answer: a) Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Explanation:
Jaundice is characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. It is commonly associated with liver diseases. Loss of appetite may occur, but it is not a defining symptom. High blood pressure and blurred vision are not typical symptoms of jaundice.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D?
a) Rickets
b) Scurvy
c) Beriberi
d) Pellagra
Answer: a) Rickets
Explanation:
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption, leading to weak and deformed bones in children. Scurvy is caused by a lack of Vitamin C, beriberi by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), and pellagra by a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin).
- Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei?
a) Sleeping sickness
b) Malaria
c) Leprosy
d) Chagas disease
Answer: a) Sleeping sickness
Explanation:
Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and is transmitted by the tsetse fly. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species, leprosy by Mycobacterium leprae, and Chagas disease by Trypanosoma cruzi.
- Which of the following diseases is characterized by the destruction of myelin in the central nervous system?
a) Parkinson’s disease
b) Multiple sclerosis
c) Alzheimer’s disease
d) Huntington’s disease
Answer: b) Multiple sclerosis
Explanation:
Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder where the immune system attacks and damages the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers in the central nervous system. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases are also neurodegenerative but do not involve myelin destruction.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV)?
a) Hepatitis B
b) Genital warts
c) Herpes
d) HIV
Answer: b) Genital warts
Explanation:
Genital warts are caused by certain strains of the Human papillomavirus (HPV). Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus, herpes by the herpes simplex virus, and HIV causes AIDS.
- Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
a) Asthma
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) Rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and deformity. Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airways, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, and hypertension is a cardiovascular condition.
- Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Cholera
c) Influenza
d) Typhoid
Answer: c) Influenza
Explanation:
Influenza is caused by a virus, while tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cholera by Vibrio cholerae, and typhoid by Salmonella typhi.
- Which of the following organisms causes ringworm?
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Protozoa
Answer: c) Fungus
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton species. It affects the skin, hair, and nails. It is not caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoa.
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