- Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?
a) Diabetes
b) Down syndrome
c) Tuberculosis
d) Cholera
Answer: b) Down syndrome
Explanation:
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, tuberculosis is an infectious disease, and cholera is a waterborne disease.
- Which of the following organisms causes sleeping sickness?
a) Trypanosoma
b) Plasmodium
c) Leishmania
d) Entamoeba
Answer: a) Trypanosoma
Explanation:
Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly. Plasmodium causes malaria, Leishmania causes leishmaniasis, and Entamoeba causes amoebiasis.
- Which of the following is not an example of a lifestyle disease?
a) Cardiovascular disease
b) Diabetes
c) Hypertension
d) Malaria
Answer: d) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by mosquitoes. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension are examples of lifestyle diseases, often linked to poor diet, lack of exercise, and other lifestyle factors.
- Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?
a) Chickenpox
b) Hepatitis B
c) Tuberculosis
d) Rabies
Answer: c) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chickenpox, hepatitis B, and rabies are all viral infections.
- Which of the following is an inborn error of metabolism?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Cystic fibrosis
d) Thalassemia
Answer: b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Explanation:
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results in an inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and thalassemia are genetic disorders but not specifically classified as inborn errors of metabolism.
- Which disease is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus?
a) Chickenpox
b) Mumps
c) Measles
d) Rubella
Answer: a) Chickenpox
Explanation:
Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus. Mumps, measles, and rubella are caused by different viruses from the paramyxovirus family.
- Which of the following is a fungal disease?
a) Athlete’s foot
b) Influenza
c) Typhoid
d) Cholera
Answer: a) Athlete’s foot
Explanation:
Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection caused by Trichophyton species, affecting the skin between the toes. Influenza is caused by a virus, typhoid by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, and cholera by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
- Which of the following is a genetic disease?
a) Malaria
b) Hypertension
c) Thalassemia
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: c) Thalassemia
Explanation:
Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, hypertension is a lifestyle disease, and tuberculosis is a bacterial infection.
- Which disease is characterized by the inflammation of the meninges?
a) Meningitis
b) Arthritis
c) Hepatitis
d) Encephalitis
Answer: a) Meningitis
Explanation:
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Arthritis refers to joint inflammation, hepatitis involves liver inflammation, and encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue.
- Which of the following diseases is not transmitted by mosquitoes?
a) Yellow fever
b) Zika virus
c) Cholera
d) Malaria
Answer: c) Cholera
Explanation:
Cholera is a waterborne disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, transmitted through contaminated water. Yellow fever, Zika virus, and malaria are all mosquito-borne diseases.
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