- Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan parasite?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Malaria
c) Influenza
d) Diphtheria
Answer: b) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), influenza by a virus, and diphtheria by a bacterium (Corynebacterium diphtheriae).
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Salmonella typhi?
a) Typhoid fever
b) Cholera
c) Diphtheria
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: a) Typhoid fever
Explanation:
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, which is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Which of the following is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
a) AIDS
b) Syphilis
c) Herpes
d) Hepatitis B
Answer: b) Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a bacterial STD caused by Treponema pallidum. AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, herpes by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), and hepatitis B by the hepatitis B virus.
- Which of the following is the causative agent of kala-azar?
a) Plasmodium
b) Leishmania donovani
c) Trypanosoma
d) Wuchereria bancrofti
Answer: b) Leishmania donovani
Explanation:
Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and is transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. Plasmodium causes malaria, Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness, and Wuchereria bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis.
- What is the primary mode of transmission for the common cold?
a) Mosquito bites
b) Contaminated food
c) Airborne droplets
d) Sexual contact
Answer: c) Airborne droplets
Explanation:
The common cold is caused by various viruses (mainly rhinoviruses) and is spread primarily through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is not spread by mosquitoes, contaminated food, or sexual contact.
- Which of the following is a symptom of anemia?
a) High blood sugar levels
b) Excessive urination
c) Pale skin and fatigue
d) Swollen joints
Answer: c) Pale skin and fatigue
Explanation:
Anemia is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to symptoms like pale skin, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. High blood sugar and excessive urination are symptoms of diabetes, while swollen joints are associated with arthritis.
- Which of the following is not a waterborne disease?
a) Cholera
b) Typhoid
c) Hepatitis A
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: d) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that spreads through airborne droplets. Cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A are all waterborne diseases, primarily transmitted through contaminated water.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani?
a) Tetanus
b) Anthrax
c) Botulism
d) Diphtheria
Answer: a) Tetanus
Explanation:
Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to muscle stiffness and spasms. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, botulism by Clostridium botulinum, and diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
- Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Malaria
d) Influenza
Answer: b) Rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain. Tuberculosis, malaria, and influenza are infectious diseases, not autoimmune conditions.
- Which of the following is a common symptom of measles?
a) Jaundice
b) Cough and skin rash
c) Severe abdominal pain
d) Blood in urine
Answer: b) Cough and skin rash
Explanation:
Measles is a viral infection that causes symptoms like a high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red skin rash. Jaundice is more common in hepatitis, severe abdominal pain in pancreatitis, and blood in urine (hematuria) in urinary tract infections.
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