- Which of the following diseases is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
a) Leprosy
b) Tuberculosis
c) Diphtheria
d) Whooping cough
Answer: b) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and whooping cough by Bordetella pertussis.
- Which disease is associated with the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain?
a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) Multiple sclerosis
d) Epilepsy
Answer: b) Parkinson’s disease
Explanation:
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This leads to motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty in movement. Alzheimer’s affects memory, multiple sclerosis involves demyelination of neurons, and epilepsy causes seizures.
- What is the mode of transmission for amoebic dysentery?
a) Airborne droplets
b) Contaminated food and water
c) Mosquito bites
d) Direct skin contact
Answer: b) Contaminated food and water
Explanation:
Amoebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan, and is transmitted through ingestion of food or water contaminated with the cysts of the parasite. It causes severe diarrhea, often with blood, and abdominal pain.
- Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Hypertension
c) Malaria
d) Typhoid
Answer: b) Hypertension
Explanation:
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a non-communicable disease (NCD), meaning it cannot be transmitted from person to person. Tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid are all infectious diseases caused by pathogens and can be transmitted between individuals.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?
a) Mad cow disease
b) AIDS
c) Tuberculosis
d) Malaria
Answer: a) Mad cow disease
Explanation:
Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), is caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that cause neurodegenerative conditions. Prions are also responsible for diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, tuberculosis by bacteria, and malaria by protozoa.
- Which of the following is an example of a viral hemorrhagic fever?
a) Rabies
b) Ebola
c) Tuberculosis
d) Diphtheria
Answer: b) Ebola
Explanation:
Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus. It leads to severe bleeding, organ failure, and often death. Rabies is a viral disease affecting the nervous system, tuberculosis is bacterial, and diphtheria is also a bacterial infection.
- Which disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)?
a) Rickets
b) Beriberi
c) Scurvy
d) Pellagra
Answer: b) Beriberi
Explanation:
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Rickets is due to Vitamin D deficiency, scurvy is caused by a lack of Vitamin C, and pellagra is caused by niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency.
- Which of the following is a type of immunodeficiency disorder?
a) Diabetes
b) AIDS
c) Osteoporosis
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) AIDS
Explanation:
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is an immunodeficiency disorder caused by HIV, which weakens the immune system by destroying T-helper cells (CD4 cells). This makes the body susceptible to infections. Diabetes, osteoporosis, and hypertension are not immunodeficiency disorders.
- Which of the following is the main function of lymph nodes in the immune system?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Filtration of lymph and trapping of pathogens
c) Blood clotting
d) Storage of calcium
Answer: b) Filtration of lymph and trapping of pathogens
Explanation:
Lymph nodes filter lymph, trapping pathogens, and foreign particles. They contain immune cells like lymphocytes that help in initiating an immune response. They are not involved in oxygen transport, blood clotting, or calcium storage.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Treponema pallidum?
a) Gonorrhea
b) Syphilis
c) Leprosy
d) Chlamydia
Answer: b) Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can lead to sores, rashes, and in severe cases, damage to organs. Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, leprosy by Mycobacterium leprae, and chlamydia by Chlamydia trachomatis.
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