- Which organ is primarily affected by hepatitis?
a) Heart
b) Liver
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
Answer: b) Liver
Explanation:
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, typically caused by viral infections (e.g., Hepatitis A, B, C). This condition affects liver function, leading to jaundice, fatigue, and other symptoms.
- Which of the following diseases is spread by an insect vector?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Hepatitis B
c) Chikungunya
d) AIDS
Answer: c) Chikungunya
Explanation:
Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Tuberculosis is airborne, Hepatitis B spreads through body fluids, and AIDS is caused by HIV, transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids, not by insects.
- Which of the following is responsible for causing ringworm?
a) Virus
b) Fungus
c) Bacteria
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Fungus
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, which are a group of fungi that infect the skin, hair, and nails. It is characterized by red, circular patches on the skin. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa do not cause ringworm.
- Which of the following is not a part of the innate immune system?
a) Skin
b) Macrophages
c) Antibodies
d) Mucous membranes
Answer: c) Antibodies
Explanation:
Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system, specifically produced by B-cells in response to a particular antigen. The skin, macrophages, and mucous membranes are all part of the innate immune system, which provides non-specific defense against pathogens.
- Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C?
a) Rickets
b) Scurvy
c) Beriberi
d) Night blindness
Answer: b) Scurvy
Explanation:
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue. Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency, beriberi is due to Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, and night blindness is related to Vitamin A deficiency.
- Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Alzheimer’s disease?
a) Memory loss
b) Joint pain
c) Skin rash
d) High fever
Answer: a) Memory loss
Explanation:
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory and cognitive function. Joint pain, skin rash, and high fever are not characteristic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
- The AIDS virus primarily attacks which of the following cells?
a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
d) Epithelial cells
Answer: c) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
Explanation:
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) primarily targets and destroys T-helper cells (CD4 cells), weakening the immune system and making individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
- Which of the following is the vector for transmitting African sleeping sickness?
a) Sandfly
b) Tsetse fly
c) Mosquito
d) Housefly
Answer: b) Tsetse fly
Explanation:
African sleeping sickness is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma and is transmitted by the bite of the Tsetse fly. The disease affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like fever, headache, and sleep disturbances.
- Which vaccine is used to prevent cervical cancer caused by HPV?
a) DPT vaccine
b) BCG vaccine
c) Gardasil vaccine
d) MMR vaccine
Answer: c) Gardasil vaccine
Explanation:
Gardasil is a vaccine that protects against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) strains that are responsible for cervical cancer. DPT protects against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, BCG is for tuberculosis, and MMR is for measles, mumps, and rubella.
- Which disease is caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet?
a) Anemia
b) Goiter
c) Kwashiorkor
d) Scurvy
Answer: b) Goiter
Explanation:
Iodine deficiency leads to goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can also lead to hypothyroidism and developmental issues. Anemia is caused by iron deficiency, kwashiorkor by protein deficiency, and scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency.
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