Here below basic MCQ’s of human health and diseases with answer which is explained indetails. Let’s check one by one.
- Which of the following is a bacterial disease?
a) Influenza
b) Typhoid
c) Malaria
d) Hepatitis B
Answer: b) Typhoid
Explanation:
Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It spreads through contaminated food and water. Influenza is caused by a virus, malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, and Hepatitis B is a viral infection.
- Which cells are mainly involved in the immune response?
a) Neurons
b) Erythrocytes
c) Lymphocytes
d) Thrombocytes
Answer: c) Lymphocytes
Explanation:
Lymphocytes, which include B cells and T cells, are central to the immune response. They help recognize and destroy pathogens or infected cells. Neurons are nerve cells, erythrocytes (red blood cells) carry oxygen, and thrombocytes (platelets) are involved in clotting.
- Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Asthma
c) AIDS
d) Rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: d) Rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation:
In autoimmune disorders, the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints. Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 1, can be autoimmune as well, but Type 2 is not. Asthma is an inflammatory condition, and AIDS is caused by the HIV virus attacking the immune system.
- Which of the following is the vector for malaria?
a) Aedes mosquito
b) Anopheles mosquito
c) Culex mosquito
d) Sandfly
Answer: b) Anopheles mosquito
Explanation:
The Anopheles mosquito is the vector that transmits the malaria-causing parasite, Plasmodium. Aedes mosquito is known for transmitting dengue and chikungunya, while Culex mosquito can spread diseases like filariasis, and sandflies transmit leishmaniasis.
- Which of the following components of the immune system is responsible for producing antibodies?
a) T-cells
b) B-cells
c) Macrophages
d) Neutrophils
Answer: b) B-cells
Explanation:
B-cells, also known as B-lymphocytes, are responsible for producing antibodies that help in the neutralization of pathogens. T-cells assist in the immune response, macrophages are phagocytic cells, and neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in fighting infections.
- AIDS is caused by which virus?
a) HIV
b) HBV
c) HPV
d) HAV
Answer: a) HIV
Explanation:
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). HIV attacks the immune system, particularly CD4+ T-cells, which weakens the body’s ability to fight infections. HBV causes Hepatitis B, HPV is associated with warts and cervical cancer, and HAV causes Hepatitis A.
- Which type of immunity is provided by vaccines?
a) Innate immunity
b) Passive immunity
c) Active immunity
d) Artificial passive immunity
Answer: c) Active immunity
Explanation:
Vaccines stimulate the body’s immune system to produce antibodies, giving long-lasting protection, which is called active immunity. Passive immunity involves receiving pre-formed antibodies from another source, such as maternal antibodies or antivenoms.
- What is the primary cause of cancer?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Uncontrolled cell division
c) Deficiency of vitamins
d) Virus infection only
Answer: b) Uncontrolled cell division
Explanation:
Cancer results from uncontrolled cell division, which can be triggered by mutations in genes regulating cell growth. While some viruses (e.g., HPV) can contribute to cancer, the primary cause is cellular mutations that lead to unchecked proliferation.
- Which of the following diseases is spread through sexual contact?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Syphilis
c) Malaria
d) Cholera
Answer: b) Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Tuberculosis is airborne, malaria is vector-borne (by mosquitoes), and cholera is waterborne.
- Which of the following is a symptom of jaundice?
a) Swollen joints
b) Yellowing of the skin and eyes
c) Hair loss
d) Fatigue
Answer: b) Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Explanation:
Jaundice is caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood, leading to the yellowing of the skin and eyes. It is commonly associated with liver diseases.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?
a) Cholera
b) Diphtheria
c) Malaria
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: c) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Cholera and diphtheria are caused by bacteria, and tuberculosis is also a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?
a) Thalassemia
b) Typhoid
c) Polio
d) Influenza
Answer: a) Thalassemia
Explanation:
Thalassemia is an inherited genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin in the blood. Typhoid, polio, and influenza are caused by pathogens (bacteria and viruses), not genetic mutations.
- Which type of cell helps in allergic reactions by releasing histamine?
a) Neutrophils
b) Mast cells
c) Monocytes
d) Eosinophils
Answer: b) Mast cells
Explanation:
Mast cells play a key role in allergic reactions by releasing histamine, which causes inflammation and other allergy symptoms. Neutrophils fight infections, monocytes become macrophages, and eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic infections.
- What is the main characteristic of a malignant tumor?
a) Controlled cell growth
b) Non-invasive
c) Ability to metastasize
d) Lack of cell division
Answer: c) Ability to metastasize
Explanation:
A malignant tumor is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize (spread to other parts of the body). Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors are aggressive and can be life-threatening.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of insulin?
a) Addison’s disease
b) Diabetes mellitus
c) Cushing’s syndrome
d) Hyperthyroidism
Answer: b) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or when the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin (Type 2 diabetes). Addison’s disease is a hormonal disorder affecting the adrenal glands, while hyperthyroidism involves excessive thyroid hormone production.
- Which cells of the immune system are destroyed by HIV?
a) B-cells
b) T-helper cells (CD4+ cells)
c) Macrophages
d) Neutrophils
Answer: b) T-helper cells (CD4+ cells)
Explanation:
HIV targets and destroys CD4+ T-helper cells, which play a crucial role in regulating the immune response. The depletion of these cells leads to the weakened immune system seen in AIDS patients, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections.
- What is the causative agent of the disease ‘elephantiasis’?
a) Ascaris lumbricoides
b) Wuchereria bancrofti
c) Plasmodium falciparum
d) Leishmania donovani
Answer: b) Wuchereria bancrofti
Explanation:
Elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis) is caused by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by mosquito bites. It leads to severe swelling of the limbs and other body parts. Ascaris causes ascariasis, Plasmodium causes malaria, and Leishmania causes leishmaniasis.
- Which of the following pathogens is correctly matched with the disease it causes?
a) Treponema pallidum – Gonorrhea
b) Plasmodium – Kala-azar
c) Leishmania donovani – Malaria
d) Mycobacterium leprae – Leprosy
Answer: d) Mycobacterium leprae – Leprosy
Explanation:
Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy, a chronic bacterial infection that affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, not gonorrhea. Plasmodium causes malaria, and Leishmania donovani causes kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis).
- The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is primarily involved in which of the following?
a) Blood clotting
b) Tissue rejection during transplantation
c) Oxygen transport
d) Nerve impulse conduction
Answer: b) Tissue rejection during transplantation
Explanation:
MHC molecules present on cell surfaces are crucial for the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self. During organ transplants, differences in MHC molecules between donor and recipient can lead to tissue rejection. MHC plays no role in blood clotting, oxygen transport, or nerve conduction.
- Which of the following vaccines provides immunity against tuberculosis?
a) BCG
b) DPT
c) MMR
d) OPV
Answer: a) BCG
Explanation:
The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis (TB). DPT protects against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. MMR protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, while OPV (oral polio vaccine) protects against poliomyelitis.
- Which organ is primarily affected by hepatitis?
a) Heart
b) Liver
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
Answer: b) Liver
Explanation:
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, typically caused by viral infections (e.g., Hepatitis A, B, C). This condition affects liver function, leading to jaundice, fatigue, and other symptoms.
- Which of the following diseases is spread by an insect vector?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Hepatitis B
c) Chikungunya
d) AIDS
Answer: c) Chikungunya
Explanation:
Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Tuberculosis is airborne, Hepatitis B spreads through body fluids, and AIDS is caused by HIV, transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids, not by insects.
- Which of the following is responsible for causing ringworm?
a) Virus
b) Fungus
c) Bacteria
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Fungus
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes, which are a group of fungi that infect the skin, hair, and nails. It is characterized by red, circular patches on the skin. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa do not cause ringworm.
- Which of the following is not a part of the innate immune system?
a) Skin
b) Macrophages
c) Antibodies
d) Mucous membranes
Answer: c) Antibodies
Explanation:
Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system, specifically produced by B-cells in response to a particular antigen. The skin, macrophages, and mucous membranes are all part of the innate immune system, which provides non-specific defense against pathogens.
- Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C?
a) Rickets
b) Scurvy
c) Beriberi
d) Night blindness
Answer: b) Scurvy
Explanation:
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue. Rickets is caused by Vitamin D deficiency, beriberi is due to Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, and night blindness is related to Vitamin A deficiency.
- Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Alzheimer’s disease?
a) Memory loss
b) Joint pain
c) Skin rash
d) High fever
Answer: a) Memory loss
Explanation:
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory and cognitive function. Joint pain, skin rash, and high fever are not characteristic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
- The AIDS virus primarily attacks which of the following cells?
a) Red blood cells
b) Platelets
c) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
d) Epithelial cells
Answer: c) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
Explanation:
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) primarily targets and destroys T-helper cells (CD4 cells), weakening the immune system and making individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
- Which of the following is the vector for transmitting African sleeping sickness?
a) Sandfly
b) Tsetse fly
c) Mosquito
d) Housefly
Answer: b) Tsetse fly
Explanation:
African sleeping sickness is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma and is transmitted by the bite of the Tsetse fly. The disease affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like fever, headache, and sleep disturbances.
- Which vaccine is used to prevent cervical cancer caused by HPV?
a) DPT vaccine
b) BCG vaccine
c) Gardasil vaccine
d) MMR vaccine
Answer: c) Gardasil vaccine
Explanation:
Gardasil is a vaccine that protects against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) strains that are responsible for cervical cancer. DPT protects against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, BCG is for tuberculosis, and MMR is for measles, mumps, and rubella.
- Which disease is caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet?
a) Anemia
b) Goiter
c) Kwashiorkor
d) Scurvy
Answer: b) Goiter
Explanation:
Iodine deficiency leads to goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can also lead to hypothyroidism and developmental issues. Anemia is caused by iron deficiency, kwashiorkor by protein deficiency, and scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency.
- What is the primary function of interferons in the immune system?
a) Neutralize toxins
b) Promote phagocytosis
c) Inhibit viral replication
d) Destroy cancer cells
Answer: c) Inhibit viral replication
Explanation:
Interferons are proteins produced by host cells in response to viral infections. They help inhibit the replication of viruses and activate other immune responses. Neutralizing toxins, promoting phagocytosis, and destroying cancer cells involve other components of the immune system.
- Which of the following diseases is a type of cancer?
a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Leukemia
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: b) Leukemia
Explanation:
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects blood-forming tissues, such as the bone marrow, leading to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Alzheimer’s disease is neurodegenerative, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder.
- Which part of the human body is most affected by emphysema?
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
Answer: c) Lungs
Explanation:
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease primarily affecting the lungs, where the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, leading to difficulty in breathing and reduced oxygen exchange.
- Which of the following organisms is responsible for causing pneumonia?
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Leishmania donovani
d) Plasmodium vivax
Answer: b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Explanation:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that causes pneumonia, leading to symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, Leishmania donovani causes kala-azar, and Plasmodium vivax causes malaria.
- Which of the following is used as a treatment for allergies?
a) Antihistamines
b) Antibiotics
c) Antivirals
d) Antifungals
Answer: a) Antihistamines
Explanation:
Antihistamines are drugs that block the action of histamine, a substance released during allergic reactions. This helps reduce symptoms such as itching, swelling, and hives. Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, antivirals treat viral infections, and antifungals treat fungal infections.
- Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
a) Syphilis
b) Hepatitis B
c) Gonorrhea
d) Typhoid
Answer: d) Typhoid
Explanation:
Typhoid is a waterborne bacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi. Syphilis, hepatitis B, and gonorrhea are all sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
- Which of the following diseases is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes?
a) Malaria
b) Dengue
c) Typhoid
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: b) Dengue
Explanation:
Dengue is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, particularly Aedes aegypti. Malaria is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, typhoid is a bacterial disease transmitted through contaminated food and water, and tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplets.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
a) Influenza
b) Malaria
c) Infectious mononucleosis
d) Measles
Answer: c) Infectious mononucleosis
Explanation:
Infectious mononucleosis, also known as “mono” or the “kissing disease,” is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Influenza is caused by the influenza virus, malaria is caused by Plasmodium species, and measles is caused by the measles virus.
- Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
a) Excessive urination
b) Increased red blood cell count
c) Low blood pressure
d) Loss of coordination
Answer: a) Excessive urination
Explanation:
One of the primary symptoms of diabetes mellitus is polyuria, or excessive urination, due to high blood sugar levels. Other symptoms include increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased hunger (polyphagia). The other options are not characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
- Which hormone is produced in excess in Graves’ disease?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Cortisol
d) Growth hormone
Answer: b) Thyroxine
Explanation:
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4). This leads to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heart rate, and nervousness. Insulin is related to diabetes, cortisol to stress and metabolism, and growth hormone to growth regulation.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
a) Leprosy
b) Tuberculosis
c) Diphtheria
d) Whooping cough
Answer: b) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and whooping cough by Bordetella pertussis.
- Which disease is associated with the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain?
a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) Multiple sclerosis
d) Epilepsy
Answer: b) Parkinson’s disease
Explanation:
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This leads to motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty in movement. Alzheimer’s affects memory, multiple sclerosis involves demyelination of neurons, and epilepsy causes seizures.
- What is the mode of transmission for amoebic dysentery?
a) Airborne droplets
b) Contaminated food and water
c) Mosquito bites
d) Direct skin contact
Answer: b) Contaminated food and water
Explanation:
Amoebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan, and is transmitted through ingestion of food or water contaminated with the cysts of the parasite. It causes severe diarrhea, often with blood, and abdominal pain.
- Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Hypertension
c) Malaria
d) Typhoid
Answer: b) Hypertension
Explanation:
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a non-communicable disease (NCD), meaning it cannot be transmitted from person to person. Tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid are all infectious diseases caused by pathogens and can be transmitted between individuals.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?
a) Mad cow disease
b) AIDS
c) Tuberculosis
d) Malaria
Answer: a) Mad cow disease
Explanation:
Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), is caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that cause neurodegenerative conditions. Prions are also responsible for diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, tuberculosis by bacteria, and malaria by protozoa.
- Which of the following is an example of a viral hemorrhagic fever?
a) Rabies
b) Ebola
c) Tuberculosis
d) Diphtheria
Answer: b) Ebola
Explanation:
Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus. It leads to severe bleeding, organ failure, and often death. Rabies is a viral disease affecting the nervous system, tuberculosis is bacterial, and diphtheria is also a bacterial infection.
- Which disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)?
a) Rickets
b) Beriberi
c) Scurvy
d) Pellagra
Answer: b) Beriberi
Explanation:
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Rickets is due to Vitamin D deficiency, scurvy is caused by a lack of Vitamin C, and pellagra is caused by niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency.
- Which of the following is a type of immunodeficiency disorder?
a) Diabetes
b) AIDS
c) Osteoporosis
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) AIDS
Explanation:
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is an immunodeficiency disorder caused by HIV, which weakens the immune system by destroying T-helper cells (CD4 cells). This makes the body susceptible to infections. Diabetes, osteoporosis, and hypertension are not immunodeficiency disorders.
- Which of the following is the main function of lymph nodes in the immune system?
a) Oxygen transport
b) Filtration of lymph and trapping of pathogens
c) Blood clotting
d) Storage of calcium
Answer: b) Filtration of lymph and trapping of pathogens
Explanation:
Lymph nodes filter lymph, trapping pathogens, and foreign particles. They contain immune cells like lymphocytes that help in initiating an immune response. They are not involved in oxygen transport, blood clotting, or calcium storage.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Treponema pallidum?
a) Gonorrhea
b) Syphilis
c) Leprosy
d) Chlamydia
Answer: b) Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can lead to sores, rashes, and in severe cases, damage to organs. Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, leprosy by Mycobacterium leprae, and chlamydia by Chlamydia trachomatis.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan parasite?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Malaria
c) Influenza
d) Diphtheria
Answer: b) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), influenza by a virus, and diphtheria by a bacterium (Corynebacterium diphtheriae).
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Salmonella typhi?
a) Typhoid fever
b) Cholera
c) Diphtheria
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: a) Typhoid fever
Explanation:
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, which is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Which of the following is a bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
a) AIDS
b) Syphilis
c) Herpes
d) Hepatitis B
Answer: b) Syphilis
Explanation:
Syphilis is a bacterial STD caused by Treponema pallidum. AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, herpes by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), and hepatitis B by the hepatitis B virus.
- Which of the following is the causative agent of kala-azar?
a) Plasmodium
b) Leishmania donovani
c) Trypanosoma
d) Wuchereria bancrofti
Answer: b) Leishmania donovani
Explanation:
Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and is transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. Plasmodium causes malaria, Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness, and Wuchereria bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis.
- What is the primary mode of transmission for the common cold?
a) Mosquito bites
b) Contaminated food
c) Airborne droplets
d) Sexual contact
Answer: c) Airborne droplets
Explanation:
The common cold is caused by various viruses (mainly rhinoviruses) and is spread primarily through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is not spread by mosquitoes, contaminated food, or sexual contact.
- Which of the following is a symptom of anemia?
a) High blood sugar levels
b) Excessive urination
c) Pale skin and fatigue
d) Swollen joints
Answer: c) Pale skin and fatigue
Explanation:
Anemia is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to symptoms like pale skin, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness. High blood sugar and excessive urination are symptoms of diabetes, while swollen joints are associated with arthritis.
- Which of the following is not a waterborne disease?
a) Cholera
b) Typhoid
c) Hepatitis A
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: d) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that spreads through airborne droplets. Cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A are all waterborne diseases, primarily transmitted through contaminated water.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani?
a) Tetanus
b) Anthrax
c) Botulism
d) Diphtheria
Answer: a) Tetanus
Explanation:
Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to muscle stiffness and spasms. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, botulism by Clostridium botulinum, and diphtheria by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
- Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Malaria
d) Influenza
Answer: b) Rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain. Tuberculosis, malaria, and influenza are infectious diseases, not autoimmune conditions.
- Which of the following is a common symptom of measles?
a) Jaundice
b) Cough and skin rash
c) Severe abdominal pain
d) Blood in urine
Answer: b) Cough and skin rash
Explanation:
Measles is a viral infection that causes symptoms like a high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red skin rash. Jaundice is more common in hepatitis, severe abdominal pain in pancreatitis, and blood in urine (hematuria) in urinary tract infections.
- Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?
a) Diabetes
b) Down syndrome
c) Tuberculosis
d) Cholera
Answer: b) Down syndrome
Explanation:
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, tuberculosis is an infectious disease, and cholera is a waterborne disease.
- Which of the following organisms causes sleeping sickness?
a) Trypanosoma
b) Plasmodium
c) Leishmania
d) Entamoeba
Answer: a) Trypanosoma
Explanation:
Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly. Plasmodium causes malaria, Leishmania causes leishmaniasis, and Entamoeba causes amoebiasis.
- Which of the following is not an example of a lifestyle disease?
a) Cardiovascular disease
b) Diabetes
c) Hypertension
d) Malaria
Answer: d) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by mosquitoes. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension are examples of lifestyle diseases, often linked to poor diet, lack of exercise, and other lifestyle factors.
- Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?
a) Chickenpox
b) Hepatitis B
c) Tuberculosis
d) Rabies
Answer: c) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chickenpox, hepatitis B, and rabies are all viral infections.
- Which of the following is an inborn error of metabolism?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c) Cystic fibrosis
d) Thalassemia
Answer: b) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Explanation:
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results in an inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and thalassemia are genetic disorders but not specifically classified as inborn errors of metabolism.
- Which disease is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus?
a) Chickenpox
b) Mumps
c) Measles
d) Rubella
Answer: a) Chickenpox
Explanation:
Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus. Mumps, measles, and rubella are caused by different viruses from the paramyxovirus family.
- Which of the following is a fungal disease?
a) Athlete’s foot
b) Influenza
c) Typhoid
d) Cholera
Answer: a) Athlete’s foot
Explanation:
Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection caused by Trichophyton species, affecting the skin between the toes. Influenza is caused by a virus, typhoid by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, and cholera by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
- Which of the following is a genetic disease?
a) Malaria
b) Hypertension
c) Thalassemia
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: c) Thalassemia
Explanation:
Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin production, leading to anemia. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, hypertension is a lifestyle disease, and tuberculosis is a bacterial infection.
- Which disease is characterized by the inflammation of the meninges?
a) Meningitis
b) Arthritis
c) Hepatitis
d) Encephalitis
Answer: a) Meningitis
Explanation:
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Arthritis refers to joint inflammation, hepatitis involves liver inflammation, and encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue.
- Which of the following diseases is not transmitted by mosquitoes?
a) Yellow fever
b) Zika virus
c) Cholera
d) Malaria
Answer: c) Cholera
Explanation:
Cholera is a waterborne disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, transmitted through contaminated water. Yellow fever, Zika virus, and malaria are all mosquito-borne diseases.
- Which of the following is a vector for the transmission of Lyme disease?
a) Fleas
b) Ticks
c) Mosquitoes
d) Sandflies
Answer: b) Ticks
Explanation:
Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks, particularly the Ixodes species. The bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent. Fleas can transmit diseases like plague, mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria and dengue, and sandflies transmit leishmaniasis.
- Which of the following vitamins is deficient in scurvy?
a) Vitamin D
b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin B12
Answer: c) Vitamin C
Explanation:
Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, and Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia.
- Which of the following is a symptom of jaundice?
a) Yellowing of the skin and eyes
b) Loss of appetite
c) High blood pressure
d) Blurred vision
Answer: a) Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Explanation:
Jaundice is characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. It is commonly associated with liver diseases. Loss of appetite may occur, but it is not a defining symptom. High blood pressure and blurred vision are not typical symptoms of jaundice.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D?
a) Rickets
b) Scurvy
c) Beriberi
d) Pellagra
Answer: a) Rickets
Explanation:
Rickets is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption, leading to weak and deformed bones in children. Scurvy is caused by a lack of Vitamin C, beriberi by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), and pellagra by a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin).
- Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei?
a) Sleeping sickness
b) Malaria
c) Leprosy
d) Chagas disease
Answer: a) Sleeping sickness
Explanation:
Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and is transmitted by the tsetse fly. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species, leprosy by Mycobacterium leprae, and Chagas disease by Trypanosoma cruzi.
- Which of the following diseases is characterized by the destruction of myelin in the central nervous system?
a) Parkinson’s disease
b) Multiple sclerosis
c) Alzheimer’s disease
d) Huntington’s disease
Answer: b) Multiple sclerosis
Explanation:
Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder where the immune system attacks and damages the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers in the central nervous system. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases are also neurodegenerative but do not involve myelin destruction.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV)?
a) Hepatitis B
b) Genital warts
c) Herpes
d) HIV
Answer: b) Genital warts
Explanation:
Genital warts are caused by certain strains of the Human papillomavirus (HPV). Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus, herpes by the herpes simplex virus, and HIV causes AIDS.
- Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
a) Asthma
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) Rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and deformity. Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the airways, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, and hypertension is a cardiovascular condition.
- Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Cholera
c) Influenza
d) Typhoid
Answer: c) Influenza
Explanation:
Influenza is caused by a virus, while tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cholera by Vibrio cholerae, and typhoid by Salmonella typhi.
- Which of the following organisms causes ringworm?
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Protozoa
Answer: c) Fungus
Explanation:
Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton species. It affects the skin, hair, and nails. It is not caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoa.
- Which of the following diseases is spread by the bite of an infected dog?
a) Rabies
b) Malaria
c) Tetanus
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: a) Rabies
Explanation:
Rabies is a viral disease transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, most commonly dogs. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes, tetanus is caused by bacterial spores entering a wound, and tuberculosis is spread through airborne droplets.
- Which of the following is not an example of a communicable disease?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Diabetes
c) Hepatitis
d) Chickenpox
Answer: b) Diabetes
Explanation:
Diabetes is a non-communicable metabolic disorder, whereas tuberculosis, hepatitis, and chickenpox are all infectious diseases that can be transmitted from person to person.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?
a) Scrapie
b) Polio
c) Influenza
d) Tuberculosis
Answer: a) Scrapie
Explanation:
Scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that induce other proteins to misfold. Polio is caused by the poliovirus, influenza by the influenza virus, and tuberculosis by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Which of the following is the major symptom of tetanus?
a) Lockjaw
b) Diarrhea
c) Skin rash
d) Jaundice
Answer: a) Lockjaw
Explanation:
Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that leads to muscle stiffness and spasms. One of the characteristic symptoms is lockjaw (inability to open the mouth). Diarrhea, skin rash, and jaundice are not associated with tetanus.
- Which of the following is an example of an airborne disease?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Malaria
c) Cholera
d) Hepatitis A
Answer: a) Tuberculosis
Explanation:
Tuberculosis is an airborne disease spread through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Malaria is mosquito-borne, cholera is waterborne, and hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food and water.
- Which of the following is not a viral disease?
a) Dengue
b) Hepatitis B
c) Malaria
d) Chickenpox
Answer: c) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by mosquitoes. Dengue, hepatitis B, and chickenpox are all viral diseases.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Plasmodium vivax?
a) Dengue
b) Malaria
c) Cholera
d) Rabies
Answer: b) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is caused by various species of Plasmodium, including Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale. Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, cholera by Vibrio cholerae, and rabies by the rabies virus.
- Which of the following diseases can be prevented by vaccination?
a) Diabetes
b) Polio
c) Hypertension
d) Obesity
Answer: b) Polio
Explanation:
Polio can be prevented by vaccination (polio vaccine). Diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are lifestyle-related conditions and cannot be prevented by vaccination.
- Which of the following parasites causes elephantiasis?
a) Wuchereria bancrofti
b) Ascaris lumbricoides
c) Plasmodium falciparum
d) Entamoeba histolytica
Answer: a) Wuchereria bancrofti
Explanation:
Elephantiasis, or lymphatic filariasis, is caused by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Ascaris lumbricoides causes ascariasis, Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria, and Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis.
- Which of the following diseases is spread by anopheles mosquitoes?
a) Dengue
b) Malaria
c) Yellow fever
d) Chikungunya
Answer: b) Malaria
Explanation:
Malaria is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which carry the Plasmodium parasite. Dengue and chikungunya are spread by Aedes mosquitoes, and yellow fever is transmitted by both Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes.
- Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
a) Frequent urination
b) Weight loss
c) High blood sugar
d) Joint pain
Answer: d) Joint pain
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by frequent urination (polyuria), high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia), and weight loss, among other symptoms. Joint pain is not a typical symptom of diabetes; it is more commonly associated with conditions like arthritis.
- Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the proper clotting of blood?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin C
Answer: c) Vitamin K
Explanation:
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting. Vitamin A is important for vision, Vitamin D for calcium metabolism, and Vitamin C for collagen formation and immune function.
- Which of the following diseases is transmitted by contaminated water?
a) Cholera
b) Tuberculosis
c) Dengue
d) Rabies
Answer: a) Cholera
Explanation:
Cholera is a waterborne disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, and it spreads through contaminated water. Tuberculosis is airborne, dengue is mosquito-borne, and rabies is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.
- Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of iodine?
a) Anemia
b) Goiter
c) Rickets
d) Scurvy
Answer: b) Goiter
Explanation:
Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency. Anemia is caused by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin, rickets by Vitamin D deficiency, and scurvy by Vitamin C deficiency.
- Which of the following is a symptom of leprosy?
a) Skin lesions and numbness
b) Hair loss
c) Muscle weakness
d) Shortness of breath
Answer: a) Skin lesions and numbness
Explanation:
Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, leads to symptoms such as skin lesions, numbness, and muscle weakness. Hair loss can be associated with other conditions, and shortness of breath is not a typical symptom of leprosy.
- Which of the following diseases is caused by Mycobacterium leprae?
a) Leprosy
b) Tuberculosis
c) Syphilis
d) Typhoid
Answer: a) Leprosy
Explanation:
Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, syphilis by Treponema pallidum, and typhoid by Salmonella typhi.
- Which disease is transmitted through the bite of a tsetse fly?
a) Malaria
b) Sleeping sickness
c) Yellow fever
d) Dengue
Answer: b) Sleeping sickness
Explanation:
Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is transmitted by the tsetse fly and is caused by Trypanosoma parasites. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, yellow fever by Aedes mosquitoes, and dengue by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
- Which of the following diseases is not caused by a parasite?
a) Malaria
b) Amoebiasis
c) Chickenpox
d) Leishmaniasis
Answer: c) Chickenpox
Explanation:
Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by the Varicella-zoster virus. Malaria, amoebiasis, and leishmaniasis are caused by parasites like Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica, and Leishmania species, respectively.
- Which of the following diseases is associated with defective insulin production?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Hypothyroidism
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: a) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to defective insulin production or insulin resistance, leading to high blood sugar levels. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are disorders of the thyroid gland, and Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol levels.
- Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
a) Type 1 diabetes
b) Type 2 diabetes
c) Hypertension
d) Obesity
Answer: a) Type 1 diabetes
Explanation:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes is related to insulin resistance, and hypertension and obesity are not autoimmune diseases.
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