MCQ 81
Which kidney condition is associated with the presence of casts in the urine?
A) Diabetic nephropathy
B) Acute tubular necrosis
C) Chronic kidney disease
D) Kidney stones
Answer: B) Acute tubular necrosis
Explanation: The presence of casts in the urine is often indicative of acute tubular necrosis, reflecting tubular damage.
MCQ 82
What is the primary function of the renal artery?
A) Transport oxygenated blood to the kidneys
B) Filter blood
C) Transport deoxygenated blood from the kidneys
D) Regulate blood pressure
Answer: A) Transport oxygenated blood to the kidneys
Explanation: The renal artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the kidneys for filtration and processing.
MCQ 83
What does a urinalysis typically check for?
A) Presence of bacteria
B) Blood
C) Protein
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: A urinalysis is a common test that checks for the presence of bacteria, blood, protein, glucose, and other substances that can indicate health issues.
MCQ 84
What role does ADH (antidiuretic hormone) play in the kidneys?
A) Increases sodium excretion
B) Decreases water reabsorption
C) Increases water reabsorption
D) Stimulates urine production
Answer: C) Increases water reabsorption
Explanation: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, reducing urine output and concentrating urine.
MCQ 85
What is the function of the urethra?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Storage of urine
C) Transport of urine to the exterior of the body
D) Regulation of blood pressure
Answer: C) Transport of urine to the exterior of the body
Explanation: The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination.
MCQ 86
What is the role of the renal corpuscle?
A) Secretion
B) Filtration
C) Reabsorption
D) Excretion
Answer: B) Filtration
Explanation: The renal corpuscle, consisting of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, is responsible for filtering blood to form urine.
MCQ 87
What condition is indicated by protein in the urine?
A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Hypertension
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Dehydration
Answer: A) Nephrotic syndrome
Explanation: The presence of significant protein in the urine is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, indicating kidney damage.
MCQ 88
Which of the following can lead to renal failure if not managed?
A) Diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Chronic kidney disease
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease can all lead to renal failure if not properly managed.
MCQ 89
What is the main site of glucose reabsorption in the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule is the primary site for glucose reabsorption, where nearly all filtered glucose is normally reabsorbed.
MCQ 90
Which kidney structure is responsible for urine concentration?
A) Renal corpuscle
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Answer: C) Loop of Henle
Explanation: The loop of Henle plays a crucial role in urine concentration by creating a concentration gradient that allows for water reabsorption.
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