NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Excretory Products and their Elimination”

MCQ 71
What type of epithelial tissue lines the renal tubules?

A) Simple squamous epithelium
B) Stratified squamous epithelium
C) Cuboidal epithelium
D) Columnar epithelium

Answer: C) Cuboidal epithelium

Explanation: The renal tubules are lined with cuboidal epithelium, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

MCQ 72
Which condition is characterized by a significant decrease in urine output?

A) Anuria
B) Polyuria
C) Oliguria
D) Hematuria

Answer: C) Oliguria

Explanation: Oliguria is defined as a reduction in urine output, typically less than 400 mL per day.

MCQ 73
Which of the following substances is typically not filtered by the glomerulus?

A) Water
B) Proteins
C) Electrolytes
D) Glucose

Answer: B) Proteins

Explanation: Proteins are generally too large to be filtered by the glomerulus and remain in the bloodstream.

MCQ 74
What is the primary component of the glomerular filtration barrier?

A) Endothelial cells
B) Basement membrane
C) Podocytes
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: The glomerular filtration barrier consists of endothelial cells, a basement membrane, and podocytes, which together filter blood and prevent large molecules from passing into the filtrate.

MCQ 75
Which of the following conditions can result from prolonged dehydration?

A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypotension
C) Kidney stones
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: Prolonged dehydration can lead to high potassium levels (hyperkalemia), low blood pressure (hypotension), and the formation of kidney stones due to concentrated urine.

MCQ 76
Which segment of the nephron is primarily involved in water reabsorption?

A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Collecting duct
D) Distal convoluted tubule

Answer: C) Collecting duct

Explanation: The collecting duct is critical for water reabsorption, especially under the influence of ADH, allowing for urine concentration.

MCQ 77
Which organ can compensate for metabolic acidosis?

A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Liver
D) Kidneys

Answer: D) Kidneys

Explanation: The kidneys can help compensate for metabolic acidosis by excreting more hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

MCQ 78
What is the primary function of the nephron?

A) Filtration
B) Excretion
C) Reabsorption
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: The nephron performs filtration, excretion, and reabsorption, which are essential for urine formation and homeostasis.

MCQ 79
What is the primary role of the macula densa in the kidneys?

A) Filtration
B) Regulation of blood flow
C) Sensing sodium concentration
D) Hormone secretion

Answer: C) Sensing sodium concentration

Explanation: The macula densa cells detect sodium concentration in the distal convoluted tubule and help regulate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.

MCQ 80
Which factor can influence the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A) Blood pressure
B) Blood volume
C) Afferent arteriolar constriction
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: All listed factors can influence GFR by affecting the pressure and flow of blood entering the glomerulus.