MCQ 61
Which of the following conditions can cause decreased kidney function?
A) Diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: All listed conditions can impair kidney function by damaging the nephrons or affecting blood flow.
MCQ 62
What substance is primarily responsible for the regulation of acid-base balance in the kidneys?
A) Bicarbonate
B) Urea
C) Creatinine
D) Uric acid
Answer: A) Bicarbonate
Explanation: The kidneys regulate acid-base balance primarily through the reabsorption and secretion of bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
MCQ 63
Which part of the nephron has a high permeability to water due to the presence of aquaporins?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: D) Collecting duct
Explanation: The collecting duct is permeable to water due to aquaporins, allowing for significant water reabsorption under the influence of ADH.
MCQ 64
The condition characterized by low urine output is known as:
A) Oliguria
B) Anuria
C) Polyuria
D) Hematuria
Answer: A) Oliguria
Explanation: Oliguria refers to a condition where urine output is less than normal, often indicating dehydration or kidney issues.
MCQ 65
Which of the following is a role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?
A) Regulating body temperature
B) Balancing electrolytes
C) Digesting food
D) Producing insulin
Answer: B) Balancing electrolytes
Explanation: The kidneys help maintain homeostasis by regulating electrolyte levels in the body, contributing to fluid balance and acid-base balance.
MCQ 66
The primary function of the Bowman’s capsule is to:
A) Reabsorb nutrients
B) Filter blood
C) Secrete waste
D) Produce urine
Answer: B) Filter blood
Explanation: Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus and is the site of initial filtration of blood to form the filtrate.
MCQ 67
What does a high level of creatinine in the blood indicate?
A) Liver disease
B) Kidney dysfunction
C) Dehydration
D) Diabetes
Answer: B) Kidney dysfunction
Explanation: Elevated creatinine levels in the blood typically indicate impaired kidney function, as creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism normally excreted by the kidneys.
MCQ 68
Which of the following is a function of the bladder?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Storage of urine
C) Regulation of blood pressure
D) Production of hormones
Answer: B) Storage of urine
Explanation: The bladder’s primary function is to store urine until it is excreted from the body.
MCQ 69
What is the role of the renal pelvis?
A) Filtration
B) Storage
C) Collection
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Collection
Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine produced in the nephrons and channels it into the ureters for transport to the bladder.
MCQ 70
What is the primary reason for the kidneys to excrete urea?
A) To eliminate excess glucose
B) To remove nitrogenous waste
C) To balance electrolytes
D) To regulate body temperature
Answer: B) To remove nitrogenous waste
Explanation: The kidneys excrete urea as a means of removing nitrogenous waste produced from protein metabolism.
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