MCQ 31
The process of filtration in the kidney primarily occurs in the:
A) Proximal tubule
B) Glomerulus
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Glomerulus
Explanation: Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood pressure forces water and small solutes into Bowman’s capsule.
MCQ 32
Which substance is primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine?
A) Urea
B) Bilirubin
C) Urobilin
D) Creatinine
Answer: C) Urobilin
Explanation: Urobilin, a breakdown product of bilirubin, gives urine its characteristic yellow color.
MCQ 33
Which electrolyte is primarily secreted by the distal convoluted tubule?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Chloride
Answer: B) Potassium
Explanation: The distal convoluted tubule plays a crucial role in the secretion of potassium ions, helping to regulate electrolyte balance.
MCQ 34
In addition to excreting waste, what is another critical function of the kidneys?
A) Hormone production
B) Digestion
C) Blood clotting
D) Nutrient absorption
Answer: A) Hormone production
Explanation: The kidneys produce hormones such as erythropoietin (which stimulates red blood cell production) and renin (which regulates blood pressure).
MCQ 35
What happens to the majority of filtered sodium in the kidneys?
A) It is excreted in urine.
B) It is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
C) It is converted to potassium.
D) It is converted to urea.
Answer: B) It is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
Explanation: Most of the filtered sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule, with additional reabsorption occurring in the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule.
MCQ 36
The process by which substances like drugs are eliminated from the blood into the nephron is known as:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Secretion
Explanation: Secretion involves the active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron tubules, allowing for the removal of drugs and toxins.
MCQ 37
What is the primary purpose of the renal threshold?
A) To regulate blood flow
B) To prevent glucose from entering urine
C) To filter blood effectively
D) To control water retention
Answer: B) To prevent glucose from entering urine
Explanation: The renal threshold refers to the concentration of a substance (like glucose) in the blood above which it begins to appear in urine, preventing loss during reabsorption.
MCQ 38
Which of the following can be a sign of kidney disease?
A) Increased thirst
B) Swelling in the legs
C) Frequent urination
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Symptoms of kidney disease can include increased thirst, swelling due to fluid retention, and changes in urination patterns.
MCQ 39
The concentration of urine is influenced by:
A) Hormones
B) Diet
C) Hydration level
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Hormones (like ADH), diet, and hydration status all influence urine concentration and composition.
MCQ 40
What is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome?
A) Kidney stones
B) Glomerular damage
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Dehydration
Answer: B) Glomerular damage
Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is primarily caused by damage to the glomeruli, leading to proteinuria, low albumin levels, and edema.
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