MCQ 21
Which of the following is a consequence of renal failure?
A) Increased blood pressure
B) Decreased urine output
C) Accumulation of waste products
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Renal failure leads to a variety of consequences, including hypertension, reduced urine output, and the accumulation of toxic waste products in the blood.
MCQ 22
Which of the following is NOT a component of urine?
A) Water
B) Electrolytes
C) Amino acids
D) Urea
Answer: C) Amino acids
Explanation: While some amino acids may appear in trace amounts, they are typically reabsorbed and not a major component of urine.
MCQ 23
The primary function of the renal corpuscle is to:
A) Reabsorb glucose
B) Filter blood
C) Secrete hormones
D) Concentrate urine
Answer: B) Filter blood
Explanation: The renal corpuscle, consisting of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, is responsible for the initial filtration of blood.
MCQ 24
In humans, ammonia is primarily converted to which less toxic compound for excretion?
A) Urea
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Bilirubin
Answer: A) Urea
Explanation: Ammonia is converted to urea in the liver through the urea cycle to facilitate safer excretion via urine.
MCQ 25
What is the approximate percentage of water in urine?
A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 95%
D) 99%
Answer: C) 95%
Explanation: Urine is approximately 95% water, with the remaining 5% comprising urea, electrolytes, and other waste products.
MCQ 26
The nephron is located in which part of the kidney?
A) Cortex
B) Medulla
C) Pelvis
D) All of the above
Answer: A) Cortex
Explanation: Nephrons are primarily located in the renal cortex, with some parts extending into the medulla.
MCQ 27
The process of moving substances from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream is known as:
A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Excretion
Answer: B) Reabsorption
Explanation: Reabsorption involves the transport of substances from the nephron back into the blood, maintaining the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance.
MCQ 28
What is the effect of ADH on the kidneys?
A) Decrease water reabsorption
B) Increase water reabsorption
C) Promote glucose excretion
D) Increase sodium excretion
Answer: B) Increase water reabsorption
Explanation: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, helping to concentrate urine and reduce water loss.
MCQ 29
Which of the following conditions can lead to protein in the urine (proteinuria)?
A) Diabetes
B) Kidney disease
C) Hypertension
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Proteinuria can occur due to various conditions, including diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension, as these can affect glomerular filtration.
MCQ 30
Which of the following is a common symptom of dehydration?
A) Frequent urination
B) Dark-colored urine
C) Excessive thirst
D) B and C only
Answer: D) B and C only
Explanation: Dehydration typically leads to dark-colored urine and increased thirst as the body attempts to conserve water.
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