MCQ 141
Which of the following can be a cause of post-renal acute kidney injury?
A) Urinary tract obstruction
B) Dehydration
C) Acute glomerulonephritis
D) Diabetes mellitus
Answer: A) Urinary tract obstruction
Explanation: Post-renal acute kidney injury is often caused by obstructions in the urinary tract, leading to urine buildup and kidney damage.
MCQ 142
What is the purpose of the glomerular filtration barrier?
A) Prevents blood cell loss
B) Filters waste products from blood
C) Prevents protein loss
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The glomerular filtration barrier prevents blood cells and large proteins from passing into the urine while allowing waste products to be filtered.
MCQ 143
What does an increase in serum creatinine indicate?
A) Improved kidney function
B) Decreased kidney function
C) Normal kidney function
D) Increased urine output
Answer: B) Decreased kidney function
Explanation: An increase in serum creatinine levels typically indicates a decline in kidney function or damage.
MCQ 144
Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to low oxygen levels?
A) Aldosterone
B) Erythropoietin
C) ADH
D) Renin
Answer: B) Erythropoietin
Explanation: Erythropoietin is secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood, stimulating red blood cell production.
MCQ 145
What is the main cause of glomerulonephritis?
A) Viral infections
B) Bacterial infections
C) Autoimmune diseases
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Glomerulonephritis can be caused by infections (viral or bacterial), autoimmune diseases, or other conditions affecting the glomeruli.
MCQ 146
What is the first-line treatment for high blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease?
A) Diuretics
B) ACE inhibitors
C) Beta-blockers
D) Calcium channel blockers
Answer: B) ACE inhibitors
Explanation: ACE inhibitors are commonly used as first-line treatment for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease, as they provide renal protective effects.
MCQ 147
What dietary change is often recommended for patients with kidney disease?
A) Increased protein intake
B) Decreased sodium intake
C) Increased potassium intake
D) High-fat diet
Answer: B) Decreased sodium intake
Explanation: Patients with kidney disease are often advised to decrease sodium intake to help manage blood pressure and fluid retention.
MCQ 148
What is the primary effect of diuretics on the kidneys?
A) Increase urine production
B) Decrease urine production
C) Alter electrolyte balance
D) Both A and C
Answer: D) Both A and C
Explanation: Diuretics increase urine production and can also alter the balance of electrolytes in the body.
MCQ 149
Which of the following conditions can lead to acute kidney injury?
A) Severe infection
B) Major surgery
C) Severe dehydration
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Severe infection, major surgery, and severe dehydration can all contribute to the development of acute kidney injury.
MCQ 150
What does a urinalysis typically include?
A) Examination of urine color
B) Measurement of pH
C) Detection of proteins and glucose
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: A urinalysis includes examining urine color, measuring pH, and detecting the presence of proteins, glucose, and other substances
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