NEET 2025 MCQ with Answer Explanation : “Excretory Products and their Elimination”

MCQ 121
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A) Aldosterone
B) Renin
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Erythropoietin

Answer: C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Explanation: ADH promotes the reabsorption of water in the kidneys, reducing urine output and concentrating urine.

MCQ 122
What is the effect of aldosterone on potassium levels?

A) Increases potassium levels
B) Decreases potassium levels
C) No effect
D) Stabilizes potassium levels

Answer: B) Decreases potassium levels

Explanation: Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium, thus decreasing potassium levels in the blood.

MCQ 123
Which of the following can lead to the development of kidney stones?

A) Dehydration
B) High calcium intake
C) Excessive vitamin D
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: Dehydration, high calcium intake, and excessive vitamin D can all contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

MCQ 124
What is the function of the renal pelvis?

A) Site of urine production
B) Storage of urine
C) Collect urine from the calyces
D) Filtration of blood

Answer: C) Collect urine from the calyces

Explanation: The renal pelvis collects urine from the minor and major calyces and directs it to the ureter for transport to the bladder.

MCQ 125
What is the typical treatment for urinary tract infections?

A) Surgery
B) Antibiotics
C) Diuretics
D) Antihypertensives

Answer: B) Antibiotics

Explanation: Urinary tract infections are commonly treated with antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.

MCQ 126
Which laboratory test measures the kidneys’ ability to concentrate urine?

A) BUN
B) Creatinine
C) Urine osmolality
D) Electrolyte panel

Answer: C) Urine osmolality

Explanation: Urine osmolality tests measure the concentration of solutes in urine, indicating the kidneys’ ability to concentrate or dilute urine.

MCQ 127
What is the effect of dehydration on urine color?

A) Clear urine
B) Dark yellow or amber urine
C) No change
D) Red urine

Answer: B) Dark yellow or amber urine

Explanation: Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which appears darker in color due to higher levels of waste products.

MCQ 128
Which of the following is a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome?

A) Hypertension
B) Swelling (edema)
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Increased thirst

Answer: B) Swelling (edema)

Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by significant edema due to protein loss in the urine and low oncotic pressure.

MCQ 129
Which condition can result from untreated chronic kidney disease?

A) Kidney stones
B) Uremia
C) Bladder cancer
D) Glomerulonephritis

Answer: B) Uremia

Explanation: Untreated chronic kidney disease can progress to uremia, where waste products accumulate in the blood due to kidney failure.

MCQ 130
What is a common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury?

A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Severe dehydration
C) Obstruction of urinary tract
D) Kidney stones

Answer: B) Severe dehydration

Explanation: Prerenal acute kidney injury is often caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidneys, which can occur with severe dehydration.