MCQ 91
What does the term “uremia” refer to?
A) High blood pressure
B) High levels of urea in the blood
C) Kidney infection
D) Excessive urination
Answer: B) High levels of urea in the blood
Explanation: Uremia refers to a condition characterized by elevated levels of urea and other waste products in the blood, often due to kidney failure.
MCQ 92
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
A) Secretion of erythropoietin
B) Regulation of blood pressure
C) Filtration of urine
D) Reabsorption of water
Answer: B) Regulation of blood pressure
Explanation: The juxtaglomerular apparatus helps regulate blood pressure by releasing renin in response to low blood flow or sodium concentration.
MCQ 93
Which of the following substances is most likely to be present in high concentrations in the urine of a diabetic patient?
A) Ketones
B) Bilirubin
C) Bacteria
D) Calcium
Answer: A) Ketones
Explanation: Diabetic patients, especially those with poorly controlled diabetes, may excrete high levels of ketones in urine due to fat metabolism.
MCQ 94
Which hormone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Insulin
Answer: B) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the
MCQ 95
Which condition is commonly associated with high levels of uric acid?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Gout
C) Hypertension
D) Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B) Gout
Explanation: Gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints, leading to inflammation and pain.
MCQ 96
What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?
A) Filtration of blood
B) Reabsorption of water
C) Secretion of hydrogen ions
D) Reabsorption of glucose
Answer: C) Secretion of hydrogen ions
Explanation: The distal convoluted tubule is primarily involved in the secretion of hydrogen ions and the reabsorption of sodium, affecting acid-base balance.
MCQ 97
What does a positive urine protein test indicate?
A) Healthy kidneys
B) Kidney damage or disease
C) Normal hydration status
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Kidney damage or disease
Explanation: A positive urine protein test can indicate kidney damage, as healthy kidneys usually do not allow significant protein leakage into urine.
MCQ 98
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
A) Regulation of electrolyte balance
B) Excretion of waste products
C) Regulation of blood pressure
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The kidneys are involved in regulating electrolyte balance, excreting waste products, and maintaining blood pressure.
MCQ 99
What is the main cause of hyponatremia?
A) Excessive water intake
B) Dehydration
C) Increased sodium intake
D) Renal artery stenosis
Answer: A) Excessive water intake
Explanation: Hyponatremia is often caused by excessive water intake, which dilutes sodium levels in the blood.
MCQ 100
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the countercurrent multiplication mechanism?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct
Answer: B) Loop of Henle
Explanation: The loop of Henle is essential for the countercurrent multiplication mechanism, which helps concentrate urine.
Leave a comment