- Which of the following pollutants is responsible for causing the greenhouse effect?
A) Lead
B) Sulfur dioxide
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Nitrogen
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the primary greenhouse gases responsible for the greenhouse effect. It traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change.
- Which of the following human activities is most directly responsible for ozone layer depletion?
A) Use of fossil fuels
B) Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Industrial waste disposal
D) Deforestation
Answer: B) Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation:
CFCs, once widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol sprays, release chlorine atoms when they reach the stratosphere. These chlorine atoms break down ozone molecules, leading to ozone layer depletion.
- Which of the following is an example of sustainable agriculture?
A) Monoculture farming
B) Use of synthetic pesticides
C) Crop rotation and organic farming
D) Slash-and-burn farming
Answer: C) Crop rotation and organic farming
Explanation:
Crop rotation and organic farming are sustainable agricultural practices that maintain soil fertility, reduce the need for chemical inputs, and promote biodiversity, ensuring long-term productivity without degrading the environment.
- Which of the following is a major consequence of excessive groundwater extraction?
A) Increased biodiversity
B) Soil erosion
C) Land subsidence
D) Improved water quality
Answer: C) Land subsidence
Explanation:
Excessive groundwater extraction can lead to land subsidence, where the ground sinks due to the depletion of underground water reserves. This can damage infrastructure and reduce the capacity of aquifers to store water.
- Which of the following is a key goal of sustainable development?
A) Maximizing industrial output at any cost
B) Conserving natural resources for future generations
C) Increasing the use of non-renewable resources
D) Promoting deforestation for economic growth
Answer: B) Conserving natural resources for future generations
Explanation:
Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This includes conserving natural resources, reducing environmental degradation, and promoting social equity.
- Which of the following pollutants is commonly found in vehicle exhaust and contributes to air pollution?
A) Nitrogen dioxide
B) Methane
C) Hydrogen
D) Ammonia
Answer: A) Nitrogen dioxide
Explanation:
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a major air pollutant found in vehicle exhaust. It contributes to the formation of smog and ground-level ozone and can cause respiratory problems in humans.
- Which of the following practices is most effective in reducing the production of solid waste?
A) Landfilling
B) Recycling and composting
C) Incineration
D) Open burning
Answer: B) Recycling and composting
Explanation:
Recycling and composting are effective methods for reducing the amount of solid waste that ends up in landfills or is incinerated. These practices help conserve resources, reduce pollution, and promote sustainable waste management.
- Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Solar energy
D) Natural gas
Answer: C) Solar energy
Explanation:
Solar energy is a renewable resource because it is naturally replenished by the sun and will not be depleted over time, unlike fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
- Which of the following pollutants is most responsible for acidifying freshwater ecosystems?
A) Ozone
B) Sulfur dioxide
C) Methane
D) Carbon monoxide
Answer: B) Sulfur dioxide
Explanation:
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a major contributor to the acidification of freshwater ecosystems. It reacts with water to form sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of water bodies, harming aquatic life.
- Which of the following is a benefit of biodiversity?
A) Increased risk of disease outbreaks
B) Reduced ecosystem stability
C) Greater resilience to environmental changes
D) Decreased availability of resources
Answer: C) Greater resilience to environmental changes
Explanation:
Biodiversity enhances the resilience of ecosystems, allowing them to better withstand environmental changes and disturbances. A diverse range of species contributes to ecosystem stability, productivity, and resource availability.
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