- Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for the acidification of oceans?
A) Methane
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Ozone
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
The ocean absorbs a significant amount of atmospheric CO₂. When CO₂ dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, leading to ocean acidification, which harms marine organisms like corals and shellfish.
- What is the main consequence of habitat fragmentation?
A) Increase in ecosystem stability
B) Enhanced species migration
C) Decrease in species diversity
D) Formation of new species
Answer: C) Decrease in species diversity
Explanation:
Habitat fragmentation divides ecosystems into smaller, isolated patches, which can lead to a decrease in biodiversity. Species may have limited access to resources, and smaller populations are more vulnerable to extinction.
- Which of the following methods can best control soil erosion in hilly areas?
A) Urbanization
B) Contour plowing
C) Intensive agriculture
D) Slash-and-burn farming
Answer: B) Contour plowing
Explanation:
Contour plowing involves plowing along the contours of a slope rather than up and down, which helps reduce runoff and prevents soil erosion in hilly areas.
- Which of the following pollutants is most likely to contribute to acid rain?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Nitrous oxide
C) Methane
D) Chlorofluorocarbons
Answer: B) Nitrous oxide
Explanation:
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) contributes to the formation of nitric acid in the atmosphere, leading to acid rain. It is primarily emitted from agriculture and combustion processes.
- What is the main cause of eutrophication in water bodies?
A) Depletion of oxygen
B) Excessive nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus
C) Heavy metal contamination
D) Thermal pollution
Answer: B) Excessive nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus
Explanation:
Eutrophication is caused by the over-enrichment of water bodies with nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to excessive algal growth, oxygen depletion, and harm to aquatic life.
- Which of the following pollutants is most associated with respiratory problems in urban areas?
A) Ozone
B) Lead
C) Methane
D) Mercury
Answer: A) Ozone
Explanation:
Ground-level ozone, formed by the reaction of NOx and VOCs in sunlight, is a significant pollutant in urban areas. It causes respiratory problems, including asthma and bronchitis.
- What is the main purpose of the Montreal Protocol?
A) To reduce carbon dioxide emissions
B) To control ozone-depleting substances
C) To promote sustainable agriculture
D) To conserve endangered species
Answer: B) To control ozone-depleting substances
Explanation:
The Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, aims to phase out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs, which damage the stratospheric ozone layer.
- Which of the following is the primary cause of coral bleaching?
A) Increase in salinity
B) Rising sea temperatures due to global warming
C) Overfishing
D) Oil pollution
Answer: B) Rising sea temperatures due to global warming
Explanation:
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel the symbiotic algae living within their tissues due to stress caused by increased sea temperatures, a result of global warming.
- Which of the following pollutants is the most significant contributor to global warming?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Ozone
C) Sulfur dioxide
D) Nitrogen gas
Answer: A) Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most significant greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, as it is released in large quantities from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.
- Which of the following is an example of a primary pollutant?
A) Ozone
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Smog
D) Acid rain
Answer: B) Carbon monoxide
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a primary pollutant because it is directly emitted from sources such as vehicles and industrial processes. Secondary pollutants, like ozone and acid rain, form through reactions of primary pollutants.
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