- Which of the following gases is a major contributor to the depletion of the ozone layer?
A) Methane
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
D) Nitrous oxide
Answer: C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation:
CFCs are synthetic compounds that release chlorine atoms when broken down by UV radiation in the stratosphere. These chlorine atoms destroy ozone molecules, leading to the depletion of the ozone layer.
- The term “carbon footprint” refers to which of the following?
A) The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, or activity
B) The amount of oxygen consumed by living organisms
C) The area of forest required to offset carbon emissions
D) The amount of carbon stored in fossil fuels
Answer: A) The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, or activity
Explanation:
The carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases, particularly CO₂, that are emitted directly and indirectly by human activities, such as transportation, industry, and agriculture.
- Which of the following is the primary source of marine pollution?
A) Oil spills
B) Plastic waste
C) Industrial discharge
D) Agricultural runoff
Answer: B) Plastic waste
Explanation:
Plastic waste is a significant contributor to marine pollution. Millions of tons of plastic enter the oceans every year, causing harm to marine life through ingestion, entanglement, and habitat destruction.
- Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for the formation of ground-level ozone?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
C) Methane
D) Nitrogen gas
Answer: B) Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Explanation:
Ground-level ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight. It is a harmful pollutant that contributes to smog and respiratory issues.
- What is the primary consequence of excessive nutrient enrichment in water bodies (eutrophication)?
A) Increased water temperature
B) Algal blooms and oxygen depletion
C) Decreased water transparency
D) Enhanced water circulation
Answer: B) Algal blooms and oxygen depletion
Explanation:
Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, lead to rapid algal growth. When these algae die and decompose, it depletes oxygen in the water, resulting in hypoxic conditions that can kill fish and other aquatic organisms.
- Which of the following is a strategy to reduce global warming?
A) Increasing deforestation
B) Reducing the use of fossil fuels
C) Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers
D) Promoting industrialization
Answer: B) Reducing the use of fossil fuels
Explanation:
Reducing the use of fossil fuels and shifting to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power can help mitigate global warming by decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide.
- Which of the following ecosystems is most affected by oil spills?
A) Deserts
B) Coral reefs
C) Temperate forests
D) Grasslands
Answer: B) Coral reefs
Explanation:
Oil spills cause significant harm to marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. Oil smothers coral, blocks sunlight, and affects marine organisms that depend on coral reefs for food and habitat.
- Which of the following is an impact of climate change on global biodiversity?
A) Increased genetic diversity
B) Habitat loss and species extinction
C) Formation of new ecosystems
D) Stable ecosystems and species populations
Answer: B) Habitat loss and species extinction
Explanation:
Climate change leads to habitat destruction, shifts in ecosystems, and extreme weather events, which can result in the extinction of species that are unable to adapt to rapid environmental changes.
- Which of the following pollutants is most likely to cause respiratory problems in humans?
A) Ozone
B) Sulfur dioxide
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Water vapor
Answer: B) Sulfur dioxide
Explanation:
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a major air pollutant that can cause respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and other lung diseases. It is mainly produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
- The loss of which of the following is a major cause of soil erosion?
A) Vegetation cover
B) Soil minerals
C) Humus
D) Sand particles
Answer: A) Vegetation cover
Explanation:
Vegetation cover plays a critical role in preventing soil erosion. It helps anchor the soil, reduces the impact of rainfall, and prevents the movement of soil particles by wind and water.
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