- Which of the following is the primary cause of species extinction?
A) Climate change
B) Habitat destruction
C) Genetic mutations
D) Overpopulation
Answer: B) Habitat destruction
Explanation:
Habitat destruction, often caused by deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, is the leading cause of species extinction. When habitats are destroyed, species lose their homes and resources, which can lead to extinction.
- Which of the following methods can best conserve water in urban areas?
A) Increased use of groundwater
B) Rainwater harvesting
C) Expansion of urban infrastructure
D) Deforestation
Answer: B) Rainwater harvesting
Explanation:
Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater for later use, which helps conserve water in urban areas by reducing the demand on municipal water supplies and groundwater resources.
- Which of the following is a consequence of the destruction of wetlands?
A) Decreased flooding
B) Increased biodiversity
C) Loss of water filtration and flood control services
D) Higher rates of soil erosion
Answer: C) Loss of water filtration and flood control services
Explanation:
Wetlands act as natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments, and they also provide flood control by absorbing excess water. The destruction of wetlands results in the loss of these important ecosystem services.
- Which of the following is a major source of nitrous oxide emissions?
A) Fossil fuel combustion
B) Agricultural activities, especially fertilizer use
C) Deforestation
D) Volcanic eruptions
Answer: B) Agricultural activities, especially fertilizer use
Explanation:
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is primarily emitted from agricultural activities, especially the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers. The excess nitrogen in the soil is converted to N₂O by soil bacteria, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.
- Which of the following is the primary benefit of using biodegradable materials?
A) Reduced cost of production
B) Faster degradation in the environment
C) Increased durability
D) Enhanced chemical resistance
Answer: B) Faster degradation in the environment
Explanation:
Biodegradable materials break down naturally in the environment, reducing the accumulation of waste and minimizing pollution. This helps in addressing solid waste management issues.
- Which of the following is a consequence of groundwater depletion?
A) Reduced desertification
B) Increased water quality
C) Land subsidence and reduced agricultural productivity
D) Increased biodiversity
Answer: C) Land subsidence and reduced agricultural productivity
Explanation:
Groundwater depletion can lead to land subsidence, where the ground sinks due to the loss of underground water. This can also reduce the availability of water for agriculture, leading to lower crop yields.
- Which of the following is the most significant impact of oil spills on marine ecosystems?
A) Increased oxygen levels in water
B) Harm to marine organisms and disruption of ecosystems
C) Improved water quality
D) Reduced biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems
Answer: B) Harm to marine organisms and disruption of ecosystems
Explanation:
Oil spills can severely harm marine organisms by coating their bodies, poisoning them, and disrupting their habitats. The long-term effects include reduced biodiversity and damage to marine ecosystems.
- Which of the following is a greenhouse gas released during the combustion of fossil fuels?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Methane
D) Carbon dioxide
Answer: D) Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. It is the most significant greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change.
- Which of the following can help mitigate the urban heat island effect?
A) Increasing the number of roads and buildings
B) Planting more trees and creating green spaces
C) Reducing the use of renewable energy
D) Decreasing public transportation options
Answer: B) Planting more trees and creating green spaces
Explanation:
Urban heat islands occur in cities where buildings and roads absorb and retain heat. Planting trees and creating green spaces can help mitigate this effect by providing shade, cooling the air, and increasing evaporative cooling.
- Which of the following pollutants is a major cause of water contamination from agricultural runoff?
A) Chlorine
B) Nitrates and phosphates
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Methane
Answer: B) Nitrates and phosphates
Explanation:
Nitrates and phosphates from agricultural fertilizers often run off into water bodies, leading to water contamination. This can cause eutrophication, which depletes oxygen levels and harms aquatic life
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