Question 61:
Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
(A) Trees
(B) Birds
(C) Temperature
(D) Insects
Answer: (C) Temperature
Explanation:
Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, soil, and water. Trees, birds, and insects are biotic (living) components.
Question 62:
Which of the following is an example of an invasive species?
(A) Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans
(B) Zebra mussels in the Great Lakes
(C) Polar bears in the Arctic
(D) Kangaroos in Australia
Answer: (B) Zebra mussels in the Great Lakes
Explanation:
Zebra mussels are an invasive species that were introduced to the Great Lakes and have caused significant ecological damage by outcompeting native species and altering habitats. Invasive species are non-native organisms that disrupt the ecosystems they invade.
Question 63:
Which of the following is a primary abiotic factor that influences the distribution of biomes?
(A) Population density
(B) Annual rainfall
(C) Predation
(D) Plant diversity
Answer: (B) Annual rainfall
Explanation:
The primary abiotic factors that influence biome distribution are temperature and annual rainfall. These factors determine the type of vegetation and animal life that can thrive in a particular biome.
Question 64:
Which of the following best represents the correct order of ecological organization from smallest to largest?
(A) Population → Community → Organism → Ecosystem → Biosphere
(B) Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
(C) Community → Organism → Population → Ecosystem → Biosphere
(D) Ecosystem → Population → Organism → Community → Biosphere
Answer: (B) Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Explanation:
The correct order of ecological organization is organism (an individual living thing), population (a group of organisms of the same species), community (different species living together), ecosystem (living and non-living components interacting), and biosphere (all ecosystems on Earth).
Question 65:
Which of the following statements about ecological pyramids is true?
(A) Energy pyramids are always upright.
(B) Biomass pyramids are always inverted.
(C) Numbers pyramids are always upright.
(D) Energy pyramids are sometimes inverted.
Answer: (A) Energy pyramids are always upright.
Explanation:
Energy pyramids are always upright because energy decreases at each successive trophic level due to the loss of energy as heat. Biomass pyramids and numbers pyramids may be inverted in some ecosystems, but energy pyramids cannot be inverted.
Question 66:
Which process in the water cycle involves water vapor being released by plants into the atmosphere?
(A) Evaporation
(B) Precipitation
(C) Transpiration
(D) Condensation
Answer: (C) Transpiration
Explanation:
Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is released from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere. It is a crucial part of the water cycle, contributing to the movement of water from the land to the atmosphere.
Question 67:
Which of the following nutrients is typically the most limiting in terrestrial ecosystems?
(A) Phosphorus
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Potassium
(D) Calcium
Answer: (B) Nitrogen
Explanation:
Nitrogen is often the most limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems, as it is required in large amounts for plant growth, but its availability is limited in many soils. Plants rely on nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the nitrogen cycle to obtain usable nitrogen.
Question 68:
The phenomenon of “biological oxygen demand” (BOD) is associated with:
(A) The amount of oxygen used by fish for respiration
(B) The oxygen requirement of aquatic plants
(C) The amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms during decomposition of organic matter
(D) The oxygen content in polluted water
Answer: (C) The amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms during decomposition of organic matter
Explanation:
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) measures the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water. High BOD indicates high levels of organic pollution, leading to oxygen depletion in water bodies.
Question 69:
Which of the following best defines a “biome”?
(A) A large geographic area with a distinct climate and specific types of plants and animals
(B) A collection of interacting species in a particular environment
(C) An area characterized by similar soil types
(D) A single species population in an ecosystem
Answer: (A) A large geographic area with a distinct climate and specific types of plants and animals
Explanation:
A biome is a large geographic region characterized by specific climate conditions and particular plant and animal communities. Examples include deserts, tundras, rainforests, and grasslands.
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