MCQ 61:
What type of absorption involves the use of transport proteins?
A) Simple diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion and active transport both utilize transport proteins to move substances across cell membranes.
MCQ 62:
Which digestive process occurs mainly in the small intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Emulsification of fats
C) Protein digestion
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: The small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption, fat emulsification, and protein digestion occur.
MCQ 63:
What is the main purpose of chewing food?
A) To increase flavor
B) To initiate protein digestion
C) To break food into smaller pieces for easier digestion
D) To absorb nutrients
Answer: C) To break food into smaller pieces for easier digestion
Explanation: Chewing mechanically breaks down food into smaller particles, increasing the surface area for enzymes to act upon.
MCQ 64:
Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying blood from the digestive tract?
A) Stomach
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Spleen
Answer: C) Liver
Explanation: The liver processes and detoxifies substances absorbed from the digestive tract before they enter systemic circulation.
MCQ 65:
Which type of fat is more easily digested due to its structure?
A) Saturated fat
B) Trans fat
C) Unsaturated fat
D) All types of fat are equally digested
Answer: C) Unsaturated fat
Explanation: Unsaturated fats are generally easier to digest due to their lower melting point and less rigid structure compared to saturated fats.
MCQ 66:
What is the main function of intestinal microbiota?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Production of digestive enzymes
C) Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates
D) Absorption of vitamins
Answer: C) Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates
Explanation: Intestinal microbiota ferment undigested carbohydrates and produce short-chain fatty acids and gases.
MCQ 67:
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?
A) Amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Lipase
D) Sucrase
Answer: B) Pepsin
Explanation: Pepsin is the primary enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
MCQ 68:
What is the main product of lipid digestion?
A) Glucose
B) Fatty acids and glycerol
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides
Answer: B) Fatty acids and glycerol
Explanation: Lipid digestion primarily results in the production of fatty acids and glycerol.
MCQ 69:
Which nutrient requires intrinsic factor for its absorption?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin B12
D) Vitamin A
Answer: C) Vitamin B12
Explanation: Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.
MCQ 70:
Which of the following is a primary function of bile?
A) To digest proteins
B) To emulsify fats
C) To absorb carbohydrates
D) To neutralize stomach acid
Answer: B) To emulsify fats
Explanation: Bile, produced by the liver, emulsifies fats, aiding their digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
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