MCQ 11:
What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?
A) Secretion of bile
B) Production of digestive enzymes
C) Absorption of nutrients
D) Storage of fat
Answer: B) Production of digestive enzymes
Explanation: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.
MCQ 12:
Which vitamin is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin C
Answer: C) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is primarily absorbed in the large intestine, where bacteria synthesize it.
MCQ 13:
What is the primary function of saliva in digestion?
A) To digest fats
B) To moisten food and initiate digestion
C) To absorb nutrients
D) To neutralize stomach acid
Answer: B) To moisten food and initiate digestion
Explanation: Saliva moistens food and contains enzymes like amylase that begin carbohydrate digestion.
MCQ 14:
In which part of the digestive tract is most water reabsorbed?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
Answer: C) Large intestine
Explanation: The large intestine reabsorbs most of the water, helping to concentrate waste.
MCQ 15:
Which type of absorption requires energy?
A) Passive diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
Answer: C) Active transport
Explanation: Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, such as the absorption of glucose.
MCQ 16:
What is the primary site of carbohydrate digestion?
A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Duodenum
D) Large intestine
Answer: C) Duodenum
Explanation: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of carbohydrates.
MCQ 17:
Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of bile?
A) Insulin
B) Gastrin
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Secretin
Answer: C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Explanation: CCK stimulates the gallbladder to release bile, which is essential for fat digestion.
MCQ 18:
What is the role of brush border enzymes?
A) To emulsify fats
B) To activate other enzymes
C) To digest carbohydrates and proteins
D) To absorb nutrients
Answer: C) To digest carbohydrates and proteins
Explanation: Brush border enzymes, located on the microvilli of the small intestine, help break down carbohydrates and proteins into absorbable units.
MCQ 19:
Which structure prevents the backflow of food from the stomach into the esophagus?
A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Anal sphincter
Answer: B) Cardiac sphincter
Explanation: The cardiac sphincter (or lower esophageal sphincter) prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
MCQ 20:
What type of nutrient is primarily absorbed in the stomach?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
Answer: B) Proteins
Explanation: The stomach primarily digests proteins, which are broken down into peptides by pepsin.
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