Question 81:
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk ejection during breastfeeding?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
Answer: B) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle cells in the mammary glands, leading to milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Question 82:
What is the function of the hormone erythropoietin?
A) Stimulates insulin release
B) Promotes red blood cell production
C) Increases blood pressure
D) Enhances immune response
Answer: B) Promotes red blood cell production
Explanation: Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
Question 83:
Which hormone is known to increase the absorption of glucose in the intestines?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Thyroxine
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin increases the absorption of glucose in the intestines and facilitates its uptake by cells throughout the body.
Question 84:
What role does calcitonin play in calcium metabolism?
A) Increases blood calcium levels
B) Decreases blood calcium levels
C) Stimulates calcium absorption in intestines
D) Inhibits calcium reabsorption in kidneys
Answer: B) Decreases blood calcium levels
Explanation: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity in bones and promoting calcium excretion in the kidneys.
Question 85:
Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?
A) Cortisol
B) Norepinephrine
C) Glucagon
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Norepinephrine
Explanation: Norepinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla during the stress response, contributing to the fight-or-flight response.
Question 86:
Which hormone is known for its role in the regulation of blood sugar levels during prolonged fasting?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Glucagon
D) Thyroxine
Answer: C) Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon raises blood sugar levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver during fasting states.
Question 87:
What is the primary action of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A) Decreases blood calcium levels
B) Increases blood calcium levels
C) Regulates metabolism
D) Stimulates insulin release
Answer: B) Increases blood calcium levels
Explanation: PTH increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone resorption, increasing renal reabsorption of calcium, and stimulating the conversion of vitamin D to its active form.
Question 88:
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to counteract high blood sugar?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
Answer: B) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by tissues and stimulating glycogen storage in the liver.
Question 89:
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the body’s circadian rhythms?
A) Melatonin
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Progesterone
Answer: A) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin regulates circadian rhythms, including sleep-wake cycles, by signaling when it is time to sleep.
Question 90:
What effect does aldosterone have on potassium levels in the body?
A) Increases potassium levels
B) Decreases potassium levels
C) Has no effect on potassium levels
D) Increases potassium absorption
Answer: B) Decreases potassium levels
Explanation: Aldosterone promotes the excretion of potassium in the kidneys, thereby decreasing potassium levels in the blood.
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