Question 31:
What is the effect of glucagon on liver cells?
A) Promotes glycogen synthesis
B) Increases glycogenolysis
C) Decreases blood glucose levels
D) Increases protein synthesis
Answer: B) Increases glycogenolysis
Explanation: Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, which increases blood glucose levels.
Question 32:
Which hormone is secreted by the testes?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Answer: C) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes, responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
Question 33:
What is the main role of the hormone ghrelin?
A) Stimulates appetite
B) Inhibits appetite
C) Regulates metabolism
D) Promotes growth
Answer: A) Stimulates appetite
Explanation: Ghrelin is known as the “hunger hormone” as it stimulates appetite and food intake.
Question 34:
Which hormone helps to regulate blood pressure by affecting kidney function?
A) Aldosterone
B) Adrenaline
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone regulates blood pressure by promoting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which increases blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.
Question 35:
Which hormone is known to increase calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and intestines?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Aldosterone
D) Insulin
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and intestines and stimulates the release of calcium from bones.
Question 36:
Which hormone is involved in the body’s stress response and increases blood sugar?
A) Insulin
B) Adrenaline
C) Prolactin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline is released during stress and increases blood sugar levels to provide quick energy for the body’s fight-or-flight response.
Question 37:
What is the primary effect of estrogen in the female body?
A) Increases muscle mass
B) Regulates the menstrual cycle
C) Increases calcium levels
D) Stimulates fat storage
Answer: B) Regulates the menstrual cycle
Explanation: Estrogen is crucial for regulating the menstrual cycle and is involved in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Question 38:
Which of the following hormones is involved in the regulation of metabolism?
A) Insulin
B) Growth hormone
C) Thyroxine
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: All these hormones—insulin, growth hormone, and thyroxine—play roles in regulating metabolism in various ways.
Question 39:
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
A) Thyroid hormones
B) Growth hormone (GH)
C) Insulin
D) Melatonin
Answer: B) Growth hormone (GH)
Explanation: Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates growth and cell reproduction.
Question 40:
Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of sleep patterns?
A) Insulin
B) Melatonin
C) Estrogen
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, signaling to the body when it’s time to sleep.
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