Question 21:
What is the role of somatostatin in the body?
A) Stimulates growth
B) Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
C) Increases metabolism
D) Regulates calcium levels
Answer: B) Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
Explanation: Somatostatin is produced by the pancreas and hypothalamus and inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon, thereby playing a role in regulating glucose levels.
Question 22:
Which hormone is released during childbirth to facilitate uterine contractions?
A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Progesterone
D) Prolactin
Answer: B) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin is released during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions, helping in the labor process.
Question 23:
What effect does adrenaline have on the body?
A) Decreases heart rate
B) Constricts blood vessels
C) Increases blood sugar levels
D) Lowers blood pressure
Answer: C) Increases blood sugar levels
Explanation: Adrenaline increases blood sugar levels by promoting glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) in the liver, preparing the body for rapid energy use during stress.
Question 24:
Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of basal metabolic rate?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Cortisol
D) Growth hormone
Answer: B) Thyroxine
Explanation: Thyroxine (T4) regulates basal metabolic rate by increasing the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body.
Question 25:
What is the main function of the hormone leptin?
A) Increase appetite
B) Regulate blood sugar
C) Regulate energy balance and inhibit hunger
D) Promote calcium absorption
Answer: C) Regulate energy balance and inhibit hunger
Explanation: Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose (fat) tissue that helps regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, thus playing a crucial role in body weight regulation.
Question 26:
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
A) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B) Growth hormone (GH)
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Answer: C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: The posterior pituitary gland secretes ADH (vasopressin), which helps regulate water balance in the body.
Question 27:
Which hormone increases the body’s metabolic rate?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Cortisol
D) Growth hormone
Answer: B) Thyroxine
Explanation: Thyroxine increases the metabolic rate of the body by enhancing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure.
Question 28:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the thyroid hormones?
A) Regulating growth and development
B) Increasing heart rate
C) Increasing calcium absorption in bones
D) Regulating metabolism
Answer: C) Increasing calcium absorption in bones
Explanation: Thyroid hormones do not increase calcium absorption in bones; rather, parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the body.
Question 29:
Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
A) Cortisol
B) Norepinephrine
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Norepinephrine
Explanation: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is released during stress to prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles.
Question 30:
Which hormone plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and ovulation?
A) Testosterone
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) Cortisol
D) Insulin
Answer: B) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Explanation: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and ovulation.
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