Question 11:
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output and helping to concentrate the urine.
Question 12:
What is the primary function of testosterone?
A) Regulation of the menstrual cycle
B) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
C) Maintenance of blood calcium levels
D) Regulation of metabolism
Answer: B) Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle mass, body hair, and deepening of the voice.
Question 13:
Which of the following hormones is known for its role in the body’s stress response?
A) Insulin
B) Estrogen
C) Cortisol
D) Progesterone
Answer: C) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is known as the “stress hormone” as it is released in response to stress and helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure.
Question 14:
Which gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles?
A) Thyroid
B) Pineal
C) Pituitary
D) Adrenal
Answer: B) Pineal
Explanation: The pineal gland produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles by signaling the body when it is time to sleep.
Question 15:
Which hormone is primarily responsible for milk production in mammals?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
Answer: A) Prolactin
Explanation: Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth.
Question 16:
What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) No effect
D) Fluctuates
Answer: B) Decreases
Explanation: Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy and storage as glycogen.
Question 17:
Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates adrenal cortex activity?
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Answer: C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Explanation: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and other corticosteroids, playing a key role in the stress response.
Question 18:
What is the primary action of aldosterone?
A) Increase blood sugar levels
B) Increase blood calcium levels
C) Promote sodium reabsorption
D) Decrease heart rate
Answer: C) Promote sodium reabsorption
Explanation: Aldosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex, promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume.
Question 19:
Which hormone is primarily involved in the body’s response to low blood pressure?
A) Insulin
B) Renin
C) Oxytocin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Renin
Explanation: Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure, which helps convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, leading to increased blood pressure.
Question 20:
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland?
A) Calcitonin
B) Cortisol
C) Epinephrine
D) Glucagon
Answer: A) Calcitonin
Explanation: Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and helps lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting calcium excretion in the kidneys.
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