Question 121:
What effect does glucagon have on liver cells?
A) Promotes glycogenesis
B) Stimulates glycogenolysis
C) Inhibits gluconeogenesis
D) Increases fatty acid synthesis
Answer: B) Stimulates glycogenolysis
Explanation: Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver cells, raising blood sugar levels.
Question 122:
Which hormone is released in response to stress and helps in mobilizing energy stores?
A) Adrenaline
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen
Answer: B) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is released in response to stress and helps mobilize energy stores by increasing blood glucose levels.
Question 123:
What is the function of the hormone renin?
A) Increases blood pressure
B) Decreases blood pressure
C) Regulates calcium levels
D) Stimulates insulin production
Answer: A) Increases blood pressure
Explanation: Renin is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, leading to increased blood pressure through vasoconstriction.
Question 124:
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex?
A) Adrenaline
B) Cortisol
C) Norepinephrine
D) Insulin
Answer: B) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, involved in stress response and metabolism.
Question 125:
Which hormone helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy?
A) Cortisol
B) Estrogen
C) Insulin
D) Adrenaline
Answer: B) Estrogen
Explanation: Estrogen plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy.
Question 126:
What role does testosterone play in the body?
A) Increases calcium absorption
B) Regulates metabolism
C) Stimulates sperm production and male characteristics
D) Promotes fat breakdown
Answer: C) Stimulates sperm production and male characteristics
Explanation: Testosterone is essential for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
Question 127:
Which hormone is produced in response to low blood pressure and stimulates thirst?
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Angiotensin II
D) Insulin
Answer: C) Angiotensin II
Explanation: Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and stimulates thirst to help restore fluid balance.
Question 128:
Which hormone helps in the development of the immune system in children?
A) Thyroxine
B) Insulin
C) Thymosin
D) Cortisol
Answer: C) Thymosin
Explanation: Thymosin is produced by the thymus gland and plays a critical role in the development of T-cells, which are essential for the immune response.
Question 129:
Which hormone decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure?
A) Ghrelin
B) Leptin
C) Insulin
D) Cortisol
Answer: B) Leptin
Explanation: Leptin, produced by adipose tissue, signals satiety to the brain, decreasing appetite and increasing energy expenditure.
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