Question 81:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Energy production
B) Cell signaling
C) Selective permeability
D) Protection
Answer: A) Energy production
Explanation: The plasma membrane does not produce energy; its main functions include selective permeability, protection, and facilitating cell signaling.
Question 82:
What is the role of gap junctions in tissues?
A) Allow for selective permeability
B) Facilitate communication between cells
C) Anchor cells to each other
D) Provide structural support
Answer: B) Facilitate communication between cells
Explanation: Gap junctions are intercellular connections that allow ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating cell communication.
Question 83:
Which cellular organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A) Ribosome
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.
Question 84:
What is the primary function of peroxisomes?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Detoxification of harmful substances
C) ATP production
D) Storage of nutrients
Answer: B) Detoxification of harmful substances
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide.
Question 85:
What is the function of the nuclear pores?
A) Allow movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
B) Produce ribosomal subunits
C) Store genetic material
D) Synthesize ATP
Answer: A) Allow movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
Explanation: Nuclear pores are openings in the nuclear envelope that regulate the exchange of materials, such as RNA and proteins, between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Question 86:
Which of the following organelles is responsible for sorting and shipping proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Mitochondria
Answer: B) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 87:
Which type of endocytosis involves the engulfing of liquids?
A) Phagocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) Exocytosis
Answer: B) Pinocytosis
Explanation: Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved substances.
Question 88:
What is the main role of ribosomes in the cell?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).
Question 89:
Which structure protects the genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
A) Plasma membrane
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosomes
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: B) Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that protects and houses the genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic cells.
Question 90:
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Lipopolysaccharide
Answer: C) Peptidoglycan
Explanation: The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, which provides structural integrity and protection.
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