Question 51:
What is the function of the plasma membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?
A) Provide rigidity to the cell
B) Act as a barrier to water-soluble substances
C) Store genetic information
D) Produce ATP
Answer: B) Act as a barrier to water-soluble substances
Explanation: The phospholipid bilayer acts as a selective barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances, particularly water-soluble molecules.
Question 52:
Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cell motility and shape changes?
A) Microtubules
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Actin filaments
D) Centrioles
Answer: C) Actin filaments
Explanation: Actin filaments (microfilaments) are involved in muscle contraction, cell motility, and shape changes, playing a vital role in the cytoskeleton.
Question 53:
Which of the following processes uses vesicles to transport materials out of the cell?
A) Endocytosis
B) Exocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis
Answer: B) Exocytosis
Explanation: Exocytosis is the process by which materials are transported out of the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Question 54:
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production
C) Packaging and modification of proteins
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Packaging and modification of proteins
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 55:
Which of the following is a key function of lysosomes?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Digestion of macromolecules
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Digestion of macromolecules
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms, playing a crucial role in cellular digestion.
Question 56:
What is the primary role of the cell membrane’s proteins?
A) Structural support
B) Energy storage
C) Transport and communication
D) Genetic material storage
Answer: C) Transport and communication
Explanation: Membrane proteins are involved in transporting substances across the membrane and facilitating communication between the cell and its environment.
Question 57:
Which cellular structure is responsible for producing ribosomes?
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus is where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosomal subunits.
Question 58:
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Carbohydrate metabolism
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in synthesizing proteins that are secreted from the cell or incorporated into membranes.
Question 59:
Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, where they synthesize proteins.
Question 60:
Which of the following describes the function of the cytoplasm?
A) Location of DNA
B) Site for metabolic activities
C) Energy production
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B) Site for metabolic activities
Explanation: The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance in which cellular organelles are suspended, and where many metabolic activities occur.
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