Question 41:
Which structure is involved in the synthesis of ATP and is found in the mitochondria?
A) Ribosome
B) Cristae
C) Matrix
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Cristae
Explanation: The cristae, the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, contain the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, crucial for ATP production.
Question 42:
What role do tRNA molecules play in protein synthesis?
A) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
B) They encode genetic information.
C) They form the ribosomal structure.
D) They initiate transcription.
Answer: A) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.
Question 43:
Which organelle is known for detoxifying harmful substances in the liver?
A) Mitochondria
B) Peroxisomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Peroxisomes
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances, including alcohol and hydrogen peroxide, particularly in liver cells.
Question 44:
Which of the following describes the process of apoptosis?
A) Cell division
B) Programmed cell death
C) Cellular metabolism
D) Cell growth
Answer: B) Programmed cell death
Explanation: Apoptosis is a controlled process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells without causing inflammation.
Question 45:
What type of junctions allow for communication between adjacent cells?
A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Hemidesmosomes
Answer: B) Gap junctions
Explanation: Gap junctions are intercellular connections that allow for direct communication between adjacent cells through the exchange of ions and small molecules.
Question 46:
Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Ribosomes
C) Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Answer: B) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are not part of the endomembrane system; they are involved in protein synthesis and can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
Question 47:
What is the primary function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Storage of genetic material
D) Cellular respiration
Answer: C) Storage of genetic material
Explanation: The nucleoid is the region in prokaryotic cells where the cell’s circular DNA is located, serving as the genetic material.
Question 48:
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids?
A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids and the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Question 49:
What is the function of the centrosome?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Organization of microtubules
C) Energy production
D) Storage of genetic material
Answer: B) Organization of microtubules
Explanation: The centrosome is responsible for organizing microtubules and plays a crucial role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus.
Question 50:
Which type of microscopy is best for observing the surface of cells?
A) Light microscopy
B) Transmission electron microscopy
C) Scanning electron microscopy
D) Fluorescence microscopy
Answer: C) Scanning electron microscopy
Explanation: Scanning electron microscopy provides detailed images of the cell surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons, allowing for high-resolution surface topography.
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