Question 11:
Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosomes
C) Cell Wall
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Cell Wall
Explanation: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection, whereas animal cells do not have this structure.
Question 12:
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
A) Energy production
B) Transport of materials
C) Structural support and cell shape maintenance
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Structural support and cell shape maintenance
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules that helps maintain cell shape, provides mechanical support, and facilitates cell movement.
Question 13:
Which of the following processes involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Active transport
Answer: B) Osmosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the specific movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
Question 14:
Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of ATP?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 15:
What is the function of the nucleolus?
A) DNA replication
B) Ribosome production
C) Lipid synthesis
D) Protein degradation
Answer: B) Ribosome production
Explanation: The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled into ribosomal subunits.
Question 16:
Which type of transport requires energy input?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Simple diffusion
Answer: C) Active transport
Explanation: Active transport requires energy, typically in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Question 17:
In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
A) Mitosis
B) Cytokinesis
C) G1 phase
D) S phase
Answer: C) G1 phase
Explanation: The G1 phase is part of interphase and is typically the longest phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
Question 18:
Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true?
A) They have their own DNA and can replicate independently.
B) They only produce energy during aerobic respiration.
C) They are involved in lipid synthesis.
D) They are found in prokaryotic cells.
Answer: A) They have their own DNA and can replicate independently.
Explanation: Mitochondria have their own circular DNA and can reproduce independently of the cell, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
Question 19:
What are the primary components of the cell membrane?
A) Nucleic acids and carbohydrates
B) Proteins and nucleic acids
C) Lipids and proteins
D) Carbohydrates and proteins
Answer: C) Lipids and proteins
Explanation: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which help in transport and signaling.
Question 20:
Which of the following structures is responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Ribosomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Peroxisomes
Answer: B) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
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