Here below some basic MCQ’s about “Cell-The unit of life” with answer which is explained in details. Let’s check one by one.
Question 1:
Which of the following organelles is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.
Question 2:
What structure is primarily responsible for controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell?
A) Cell Wall
B) Cell Membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Cell Membrane
Explanation: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell through its selective permeability.
Question 3:
Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
A) DNA
B) Ribosomes
C) Nucleus
D) Cell Membrane
Answer: C) Nucleus
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus; instead, their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid. Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Question 4:
What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) DNA replication
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are the molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, playing a crucial role in gene expression.
Question 5:
Which cell structure is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Vacuole
Answer: A) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It plays a key role in processing and distributing molecules produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.
Question 6:
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is true?
A) Mitosis occurs during the G1 phase.
B) The S phase is when DNA is replicated.
C) Cytokinesis is part of interphase.
D) The cell grows only during the G2 phase.
Answer: B) The S phase is when DNA is replicated.
Explanation: The S phase (Synthesis phase) is specifically the part of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes after cell division.
Question 7:
Which of the following is a double-membrane organelle?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm.
Question 8:
What is the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C) Ribosome production
D) ATP production
Answer: B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Question 9:
Which structure is responsible for the degradation of waste materials within the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Question 10:
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Cell division
Answer: B) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Question 11:
Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosomes
C) Cell Wall
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Cell Wall
Explanation: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection, whereas animal cells do not have this structure.
Question 12:
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
A) Energy production
B) Transport of materials
C) Structural support and cell shape maintenance
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Structural support and cell shape maintenance
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules that helps maintain cell shape, provides mechanical support, and facilitates cell movement.
Question 13:
Which of the following processes involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Active transport
Answer: B) Osmosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the specific movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
Question 14:
Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of ATP?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 15:
What is the function of the nucleolus?
A) DNA replication
B) Ribosome production
C) Lipid synthesis
D) Protein degradation
Answer: B) Ribosome production
Explanation: The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled into ribosomal subunits.
Question 16:
Which type of transport requires energy input?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Simple diffusion
Answer: C) Active transport
Explanation: Active transport requires energy, typically in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Question 17:
In which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
A) Mitosis
B) Cytokinesis
C) G1 phase
D) S phase
Answer: C) G1 phase
Explanation: The G1 phase is part of interphase and is typically the longest phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
Question 18:
Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true?
A) They have their own DNA and can replicate independently.
B) They only produce energy during aerobic respiration.
C) They are involved in lipid synthesis.
D) They are found in prokaryotic cells.
Answer: A) They have their own DNA and can replicate independently.
Explanation: Mitochondria have their own circular DNA and can reproduce independently of the cell, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
Question 19:
What are the primary components of the cell membrane?
A) Nucleic acids and carbohydrates
B) Proteins and nucleic acids
C) Lipids and proteins
D) Carbohydrates and proteins
Answer: C) Lipids and proteins
Explanation: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which help in transport and signaling.
Question 20:
Which of the following structures is responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Ribosomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Peroxisomes
Answer: B) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
Question 21:
Which type of cells are characterized by the absence of a true nucleus?
A) Eukaryotic cells
B) Prokaryotic cells
C) Stem cells
D) Muscle cells
Answer: B) Prokaryotic cells
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus; their genetic material is located in the nucleoid region.
Question 22:
What structure is involved in the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria?
A) Outer membrane
B) Inner membrane
C) Matrix
D) Cristae
Answer: D) Cristae
Explanation: The cristae are the inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane where the electron transport chain occurs, leading to ATP production.
Question 23:
What type of cell junctions prevent the passage of materials between cells?
A) Desmosomes
B) Tight junctions
C) Gap junctions
D) Anchoring junctions
Answer: B) Tight junctions
Explanation: Tight junctions create a seal between adjacent cells, preventing the leakage of materials between them.
Question 24:
Which of the following structures is essential for cell division in animal cells?
A) Cell wall
B) Centrioles
C) Chloroplasts
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Centrioles
Explanation: Centrioles are involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle during cell division in animal cells.
Question 25:
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Detoxification
D) Energy production
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in the synthesis of proteins that are either secreted or incorporated into membranes.
Question 26:
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of plant cells?
A) Large central vacuole
B) Centrioles
C) Lysosomes
D) Mitochondria
Answer: A) Large central vacuole
Explanation: Plant cells typically contain a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure.
Question 27:
What is the primary role of the cell wall in plant cells?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Structural support and protection
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Structural support and protection
Explanation: The cell wall provides rigidity and protection to plant cells, helping to maintain their shape and prevent excessive water loss.
Question 28:
Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
A) A rigid structure composed of lipids and proteins
B) A dynamic structure with proteins floating in a lipid bilayer
C) A layer of carbohydrates surrounding a lipid bilayer
D) A static arrangement of phospholipids
Answer: B) A dynamic structure with proteins floating in a lipid bilayer
Explanation: The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a flexible structure where various proteins are embedded within a fluid phospholipid bilayer.
Question 29:
What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?
A) Energy production
B) Storage of substances
C) Protein synthesis
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: B) Storage of substances
Explanation: Vacuoles are primarily responsible for storing water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells, contributing to cell turgor.
Question 30:
Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: A) Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomes.
Question 31:
What is the main role of peroxisomes?
A) ATP production
B) Lipid synthesis
C) Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: C) Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances, including hydrogen peroxide, converting it into water and oxygen.
Question 32:
Which cellular structure is responsible for maintaining the shape of a cell?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Cell membrane
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Cytoskeleton
Explanation: The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell, maintaining its shape and facilitating movement.
Question 33:
Which of the following organelles is known for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Smooth ER
D) Mitochondria
Answer: B) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins received from the rough ER, sorts them, and packages them into vesicles for transport.
Question 34:
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) sRNA
Answer: C) mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
Question 35:
What type of cell division is responsible for growth and repair in multicellular organisms?
A) Meiosis
B) Binary fission
C) Mitosis
D) Budding
Answer: C) Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, facilitating growth and tissue repair.
Question 36:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Selective permeability
B) Communication
C) Energy production
D) Structural support
Answer: C) Energy production
Explanation: The plasma membrane functions in selective permeability, cell signaling, and providing structural support but is not directly involved in energy production.
Question 37:
Which of the following is a major component of the plant cell wall?
A) Protein
B) Cellulose
C) Lipid
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: B) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides structural support to the plant cell wall, making it rigid.
Question 38:
What structure facilitates the movement of ions across the cell membrane?
A) Phospholipid bilayer
B) Protein channels
C) Cytoplasm
D) Cell wall
Answer: B) Protein channels
Explanation: Protein channels are embedded in the cell membrane and allow specific ions to move across the membrane, facilitating transport.
Question 39:
Which process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell?
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Osmosis
D) Diffusion
Answer: B) Endocytosis
Explanation: Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf large particles or liquids by enclosing them in a membrane-bound vesicle.
Question 40:
What is the main function of the cell’s cytoplasm?
A) Energy production
B) Site for metabolic reactions
C) Storage of genetic material
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B) Site for metabolic reactions
Explanation: The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance within the cell where various metabolic reactions occur, including enzyme activities and energy production.
Question 41:
Which structure is involved in the synthesis of ATP and is found in the mitochondria?
A) Ribosome
B) Cristae
C) Matrix
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Cristae
Explanation: The cristae, the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, contain the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, crucial for ATP production.
Question 42:
What role do tRNA molecules play in protein synthesis?
A) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
B) They encode genetic information.
C) They form the ribosomal structure.
D) They initiate transcription.
Answer: A) They carry amino acids to the ribosome.
Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules transport specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.
Question 43:
Which organelle is known for detoxifying harmful substances in the liver?
A) Mitochondria
B) Peroxisomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Peroxisomes
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances, including alcohol and hydrogen peroxide, particularly in liver cells.
Question 44:
Which of the following describes the process of apoptosis?
A) Cell division
B) Programmed cell death
C) Cellular metabolism
D) Cell growth
Answer: B) Programmed cell death
Explanation: Apoptosis is a controlled process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells without causing inflammation.
Question 45:
What type of junctions allow for communication between adjacent cells?
A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Hemidesmosomes
Answer: B) Gap junctions
Explanation: Gap junctions are intercellular connections that allow for direct communication between adjacent cells through the exchange of ions and small molecules.
Question 46:
Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Ribosomes
C) Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Answer: B) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are not part of the endomembrane system; they are involved in protein synthesis and can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
Question 47:
What is the primary function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Storage of genetic material
D) Cellular respiration
Answer: C) Storage of genetic material
Explanation: The nucleoid is the region in prokaryotic cells where the cell’s circular DNA is located, serving as the genetic material.
Question 48:
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids?
A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids and the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Question 49:
What is the function of the centrosome?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Organization of microtubules
C) Energy production
D) Storage of genetic material
Answer: B) Organization of microtubules
Explanation: The centrosome is responsible for organizing microtubules and plays a crucial role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus.
Question 50:
Which type of microscopy is best for observing the surface of cells?
A) Light microscopy
B) Transmission electron microscopy
C) Scanning electron microscopy
D) Fluorescence microscopy
Answer: C) Scanning electron microscopy
Explanation: Scanning electron microscopy provides detailed images of the cell surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons, allowing for high-resolution surface topography.
Question 51:
What is the function of the plasma membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?
A) Provide rigidity to the cell
B) Act as a barrier to water-soluble substances
C) Store genetic information
D) Produce ATP
Answer: B) Act as a barrier to water-soluble substances
Explanation: The phospholipid bilayer acts as a selective barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances, particularly water-soluble molecules.
Question 52:
Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cell motility and shape changes?
A) Microtubules
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Actin filaments
D) Centrioles
Answer: C) Actin filaments
Explanation: Actin filaments (microfilaments) are involved in muscle contraction, cell motility, and shape changes, playing a vital role in the cytoskeleton.
Question 53:
Which of the following processes uses vesicles to transport materials out of the cell?
A) Endocytosis
B) Exocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis
Answer: B) Exocytosis
Explanation: Exocytosis is the process by which materials are transported out of the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Question 54:
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production
C) Packaging and modification of proteins
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Packaging and modification of proteins
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 55:
Which of the following is a key function of lysosomes?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Digestion of macromolecules
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Digestion of macromolecules
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms, playing a crucial role in cellular digestion.
Question 56:
What is the primary role of the cell membrane’s proteins?
A) Structural support
B) Energy storage
C) Transport and communication
D) Genetic material storage
Answer: C) Transport and communication
Explanation: Membrane proteins are involved in transporting substances across the membrane and facilitating communication between the cell and its environment.
Question 57:
Which cellular structure is responsible for producing ribosomes?
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus is where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosomal subunits.
Question 58:
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Carbohydrate metabolism
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in synthesizing proteins that are secreted from the cell or incorporated into membranes.
Question 59:
Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, where they synthesize proteins.
Question 60:
Which of the following describes the function of the cytoplasm?
A) Location of DNA
B) Site for metabolic activities
C) Energy production
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B) Site for metabolic activities
Explanation: The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance in which cellular organelles are suspended, and where many metabolic activities occur.
Question 61:
Which of the following organelles is involved in lipid metabolism?
A) Ribosome
B) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis and metabolism, as well as detoxifying harmful substances.
Question 62:
What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?
A) Energy production
B) Protection and shape
C) Protein synthesis
D) Storage of genetic material
Answer: B) Protection and shape
Explanation: The bacterial cell wall provides structural support, protection against physical damage, and maintains the shape of the cell.
Question 63:
Which of the following statements about cell division is true?
A) Meiosis produces genetically identical cells.
B) Mitosis occurs only in reproductive cells.
C) Meiosis results in haploid cells.
D) Mitosis does not involve DNA replication.
Answer: C) Meiosis results in haploid cells.
Explanation: Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces haploid gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Question 64:
Which organelle is known for its role in the detoxification of drugs in liver cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the detoxification of drugs and poisons, especially in liver cells.
Question 65:
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
A) Energy production
B) Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell
C) Protein synthesis
D) Storage of genetic information
Answer: B) Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell
Explanation: The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier, controlling the entry and exit of substances to maintain homeostasis within the cell.
Question 66:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Synthesis of lipids
C) Detoxification of drugs
D) DNA replication
Answer: D) DNA replication
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, but DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
Question 67:
Which structure helps in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Centrioles
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Centrioles
Explanation: Centrioles are involved in organizing the spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division.
Question 68:
What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
A) Provides energy
B) Maintains cell shape and aids in movement
C) Synthesizes proteins
D) Stores genetic information
Answer: B) Maintains cell shape and aids in movement
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement.
Question 69:
Which type of RNA is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) sRNA
Answer: B) tRNA
Explanation: Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA during protein synthesis.
Question 70:
What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?
A) Protect genetic material
B) Synthesize ribosomes
C) Produce ATP
D) Transport materials
Answer: A) Protect genetic material
Explanation: The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and protects the genetic material (DNA) from the cytoplasm.
Question 71:
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.
Question 72:
Which type of junctions anchors cells to each other and provides mechanical stability?
A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Hemidesmosomes
Answer: C) Desmosomes
Explanation: Desmosomes are specialized structures that anchor cells together, providing mechanical strength and stability to tissues.
Question 73:
Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP?
A) Passive transport
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
Answer: C) Active transport
Explanation: Active transport involves moving substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy, usually from ATP.
Question 74:
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) Detoxification
C) Protein synthesis
D) Storage of genetic information
Answer: C) Protein synthesis
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in synthesizing proteins that are either secreted or incorporated into membranes.
Question 75:
Which of the following structures is involved in the synthesis of ATP?
A) Nucleus
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are the sites of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 76:
Which structure is responsible for protein degradation in the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: C) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that degrade proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules, playing a crucial role in cellular waste management.
Question 77:
What is the main component of the plant cell wall?
A) Chitin
B) Cellulose
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Glycogen
Answer: B) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide that forms the main structural component of the plant cell wall, providing rigidity and support.
Question 78:
What is the main role of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?
A) Location of the nucleus
B) Site for metabolic processes
C) Production of ATP
D) Storage of genetic material
Answer: B) Site for metabolic processes
Explanation: The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance in which cellular organelles are suspended and where many metabolic processes occur.
Question 79:
Which type of transport does NOT require energy?
A) Active transport
B) Passive transport
C) Endocytosis
D) Exocytosis
Answer: B) Passive transport
Explanation: Passive transport occurs when substances move across the cell membrane along their concentration gradient without the use of energy.
Question 80:
What structure is involved in the assembly of ribosomal subunits?
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus is the site within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosomal subunits are assembled.
Question 81:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Energy production
B) Cell signaling
C) Selective permeability
D) Protection
Answer: A) Energy production
Explanation: The plasma membrane does not produce energy; its main functions include selective permeability, protection, and facilitating cell signaling.
Question 82:
What is the role of gap junctions in tissues?
A) Allow for selective permeability
B) Facilitate communication between cells
C) Anchor cells to each other
D) Provide structural support
Answer: B) Facilitate communication between cells
Explanation: Gap junctions are intercellular connections that allow ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating cell communication.
Question 83:
Which cellular organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
A) Ribosome
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.
Question 84:
What is the primary function of peroxisomes?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Detoxification of harmful substances
C) ATP production
D) Storage of nutrients
Answer: B) Detoxification of harmful substances
Explanation: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide.
Question 85:
What is the function of the nuclear pores?
A) Allow movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
B) Produce ribosomal subunits
C) Store genetic material
D) Synthesize ATP
Answer: A) Allow movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
Explanation: Nuclear pores are openings in the nuclear envelope that regulate the exchange of materials, such as RNA and proteins, between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Question 86:
Which of the following organelles is responsible for sorting and shipping proteins?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Mitochondria
Answer: B) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 87:
Which type of endocytosis involves the engulfing of liquids?
A) Phagocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) Exocytosis
Answer: B) Pinocytosis
Explanation: Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved substances.
Question 88:
What is the main role of ribosomes in the cell?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Lipid synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).
Question 89:
Which structure protects the genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
A) Plasma membrane
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosomes
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: B) Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that protects and houses the genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic cells.
Question 90:
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Lipopolysaccharide
Answer: C) Peptidoglycan
Explanation: The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, which provides structural integrity and protection.
Question 91:
Which organelle is involved in producing the energy currency of the cell, ATP?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
D) Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B) Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
Question 92:
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the synthesis of proteins?
A) Ribosomes
B) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: While the Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying and packaging proteins, the actual synthesis occurs at ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Question 93:
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
A) Energy production
B) Digestion of macromolecules
C) Protein synthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Digestion of macromolecules
Explanation: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down macromolecules and cellular debris, playing a crucial role in cellular digestion.
Question 94:
Which structure is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the nuclear envelope?
A) Nuclear pores
B) Nuclear lamina
C) Nucleolus
D) Chromatin
Answer: B) Nuclear lamina
Explanation: The nuclear lamina is a dense fibrillar network inside the nucleus that provides structural support and maintains the integrity of the nuclear envelope.
Question 95:
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
C) ATP production
D) Storage of genetic material
Answer: B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances, including drugs and alcohol.
Question 96:
Which of the following describes the function of the cytoskeleton?
A) Energy production
B) Maintenance of cell shape and motility
C) Protein synthesis
D) Storage of genetic material
Answer: B) Maintenance of cell shape and motility
Explanation: The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell, maintaining its shape and enabling movement.
Question 97:
What type of cellular junctions prevent the leakage of extracellular fluid between cells?
A) Gap junctions
B) Tight junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Hemidesmosomes
Answer: B) Tight junctions
Explanation: Tight junctions form a seal between adjacent cells, preventing the leakage of extracellular fluid and maintaining the integrity of tissue barriers.
Question 98:
Which of the following organelles is involved in modifying and packaging proteins for secretion?
A) Ribosome
B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Mitochondria
Answer: C) Golgi Apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 99:
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
A) Provide energy for the cell
B) Maintain cell shape and facilitate movement
C) Synthesize proteins
D) Store genetic material
Answer: B) Maintain cell shape and facilitate movement
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that provides structural support, maintains the shape of the cell, and facilitates movement.
Question 100:
Which type of microscopy allows for visualization of live cells?
A) Light microscopy
B) Transmission electron microscopy
C) Scanning electron microscopy
D) Fluorescence microscopy
Answer: A) Light microscopy
Explanation: Light microscopy allows for the observation of live cells in their natural state, as it uses visible light to illuminate samples without the need for extensive preparation.
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