Question 61
What is the result of a failure in the spindle checkpoint during mitosis?
A) Accurate chromosome segregation
B) Formation of identical daughter cells
C) Aneuploidy or unequal distribution of chromosomes
D) Apoptosis
Answer: C) Aneuploidy or unequal distribution of chromosomes
Explanation: A failure in the spindle checkpoint can lead to errors in chromosome separation, resulting in daughter cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Question 62
What happens during anaphase II of meiosis?
A) Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
B) Homologous chromosomes separate.
C) Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane.
D) The nuclear envelope forms.
Answer: A) Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
Explanation: Anaphase II is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles of the cell.
Question 63
Which phase of the cell cycle is involved in the repair of DNA damage?
A) G1 Phase
B) S Phase
C) G2 Phase
D) M Phase
Answer: C) G2 Phase
Explanation: The G2 phase includes mechanisms for repairing any DNA damage that may have occurred during replication before the cell proceeds to mitosis.
Question 64
What is the purpose of the cell plate formation in plant cells?
A) To initiate cytokinesis
B) To condense chromosomes
C) To replicate DNA
D) To create spindle fibers
Answer: A) To initiate cytokinesis
Explanation: The cell plate forms during cytokinesis in plant cells and eventually develops into a new cell wall that separates the daughter cells.
Question 65
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
A) To unwind the DNA double helix
B) To synthesize new DNA strands
C) To ligate Okazaki fragments
D) To create RNA primers
Answer: B) To synthesize new DNA strands
Explanation: DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during replication.
Question 66
What type of cell division occurs in somatic cells?
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Budding
D) Binary fission
Answer: B) Mitosis
Explanation: Somatic cells undergo mitosis for growth and repair, producing two identical daughter cells.
Question 67
In which phase do the chromosomes decondense back into chromatin?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: D) Telophase
Explanation: During telophase, chromosomes decondense into chromatin as the cell prepares to complete division.
Question 68
Which type of cell is produced by meiosis?
A) Somatic cell
B) Gamete
C) Stem cell
D) Prokaryotic cell
Answer: B) Gamete
Explanation: Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and egg cells), which are essential for sexual reproduction.
Question 69
How many chromosomes does a human gamete have?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 92
D) 48
Answer: A) 23
Explanation: Human gametes are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes, half the diploid number of 46 found in somatic cells.
Question 70
What is the primary checkpoint of the cell cycle that ensures DNA is intact before replication?
A) G1 checkpoint
B) S checkpoint
C) G2 checkpoint
D) M checkpoint
Answer: A) G1 checkpoint
Explanation: The G1 checkpoint assesses DNA integrity and cell conditions before the cell commits to DNA synthesis.
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